Table 2 Patients’ characteristics according to chloride category
General ICU population (excl. cardiac surgery) | Hypochloremia | Normochloremia | Moderate hyperchloremia | Severe hyperchloremia |
|---|---|---|---|---|
n = 6480 | n = 434 | n = 3382 | n = 1456 | n = 1206 |
Patient characteristics | ||||
Age (mean ± SD) | 63.0 ± 14.9 | 62.0 ± 15.7 | 60.1 ± 15.8 | 59.3 ± 15.9 |
SAPS-3 (mean ± SD) | 59.2 ± 14.6 | 51.8 ± 17.1 | 48.2 ± 17.1 | 52.8 ± 17.7 |
Mechanical ventilation on day 2 | 25 (5.8 %) | 149 (4.4 %) | 83 (5.7 %) | 87 (7.2 %) |
Comorbidities | ||||
COPD | 113 (26.0 %) | 427 (12.6 %) | 140 (9.6 %) | 74 (6.1 %) |
Heart failure | 140 (32.3 %) | 699 (20.7 %) | 193 (13.3 %) | 150 (12.4 %) |
Chronic kidney disease | 90 (20.7 %) | 422 (12.5 %) | 170 (11.7 %) | 144 (11.9 %) |
Outcome | ||||
30-day mortality | 434 (16.4 %) | 3382 (10.2 %) | 1456 (8.5 %) | 1208 (14.6 %) |
Hospital mortality (n = 5184a) | 329 (43.8 %) | 2707 (24.3 %) | 1188 (18.4 %) | 960 (29 %) |
Acute kidney injury [n (%)] | ||||
Creatinine-based RIFLE score | ||||
None (81.0 %) | 300 (5.7 %) | 2747 (52.3 %) | 1237 (23.6 %) | 967 (18.4 %) |
Risk (9.3 %) | 57 (9.4 %) | 296 (48.9 %) | 132 (21.8 %) | 120 (19.8 %) |
Injury (5.7 %) | 39 (10.6 %) | 193 (52.6 %) | 53 (14.4 %) | 82 (22.3 %) |
Failure (4.0 %) | 38 (14.8 %) | 146 (56.8 %) | 34 (13.2 %) | 39 (15.2 %) |
Urine-based RIFLE score | ||||
None (14.4 %) | 70 (7.5 %) | 479 (51.34 %) | 199 (21.3 %) | 185 (19.8 %) |
Risk (48.7 %) | 195 (6.2 %) | 1624 (51.5 %) | 715 (22.7 %) | 618 (19.6 %) |
Injury (35.3 %) | 144 (6.3 %) | 1217 (53.2 %) | 530 (23.2 %) | 398 (17.4 %) |
Failure (1.6 %) | 25 (23.6 %) | 62 (58.5 %) | 12 (11.3 %) | 7 (6.6 %) |
Biochemistry and physicochemical covariates on day of admission | ||||
pCO2 | ||||
Low (<35 mmHg) | 96 (22.1 %) | 773 (22.9 %) | 359 (24.7 %) | 372 (30.8 %) |
Normal | 186 (42.9 %) | 1850 (54.7 %) | 849 (58.3 %) | 664 (55.0 %) |
High (>45 mmHg) | 152 (35.0 %) | 759 (22.4 %) | 248 (17.0 %) | 172 (14.2 %) |
Sodium (mmol/L) | 132.3 ± 5.6 | 137.9 ± 3.2 | 141.1 ± 2.9 | 144.6 ± 4.5 |
SIDa (excl. lactate) (mEq/L) | 47.7 ± 4.6 | 43.9 ± 3.1 | 42.3 ± 2.7 | 41.1 ± 3.5 |
Lactate (mmol/L) | 3.1 ± 3.1 | 2.8 ± 2.6 | 2.7 ± 2.3 | 3.3 ± 2.8 |
Strong ion gap (SIG) (mEq/L) | 6.9 ± 4.7 | 6.6 ± 3.3 | 6.4 ± 3.3 | 6.8 ± 3.8 |