Associations among left ventricular systolic function, tachycardia, and cardiac preload in septic patients

Annals of Intensive Care

Table 2 Multivariable linear regression for longitudinal LV strain among patients, among all patients, and stratified according to preload (E/e′) and according to presence of shock (receiving a vasopressor at the time of echocardiogram)

All patients with interpretable TTEs (N = 298)	Coefficient	p value
Heart rate	0.05	0.003
NEE during echo (per 0.01 mcg/kg/min increase)	0.02	0.17
APACHE II	0.03	0.37
E/e′	0.11	0.02
Low preload E/e′ < 8 (N = 53)
Heart rate	−0.03	0.80
NEE during echo (per 0.01 mcg/kg/min increase)	0.02	0.90
APACHE II	0.12	0.56
Intermediate preload 8 ≤ E/e′ ≤ 14 (N = 135)
Heart rate	−0.01	0.87
NEE during echo (per 0.01 mcg/kg/min increase)	0.005	0.86
APACHE II	0.09	0.33
High preload E/e′ > 14 (N = 110)
Heart rate	−0.22	0.002
NEE during echo (per 0.01 mcg/kg/min increase)	0.02	0.87
APACHE II	−0.02	0.87
Non-shock (N = 174)
Heart rate	0.04	0.10
APACHE II	0.06	0.20
E/e′	0.12	0.02
Shock (N = 124)
Heart rate	0.07	0.01
NEE during echo (per 0.01 mcg/kg/min increase)	0.02	0.36
APACHE II	−0.003	0.96
E/e′	0.04	0.70

APACHE II Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation, version 2, NEE norepinephrine-equivalent dose. TTE transthoracic echocardiogram