Table 2 Bivariate association between patient and PICU stay characteristics and anemia at PICU discharge
From: Anemia at pediatric intensive care unit discharge: prevalence and risk markers
All patients (n = 679) | Not anemic (p = 289) | Anemic (n = 390) | Crude OR (CI95 %) | p value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Patient characteristics | |||||
Age (months) | 39 (6–141) | 20 (4–89) | 57.5 (10.8–159.3) | < 0.001 | |
< 1 month | 55 (8.1) | 16 (5.4) | 39 (10.0) | Reference | |
1–5 months | 105 (15.5) | 73 (25.3) | 32 (8.2) | 0.18 (0.09, 0.38) | |
6–59 months | 231 (34.0) | 106 (36.7) | 125 (32.1) | 0.48 (0.25, 0.94) | |
5–11 years | 119 (17.5) | 49 (17.0) | 70 (17.9) | 0.59 (0.29, 1.20) | |
12–14 years | 81 (11.9) | 26 (9.0) | 55 (14.1) | 0.86 (0.40, 1.88) | |
≥ 15 years | 88 (13.0) | 19 (6.6) | 69 (17.7) | 1.47 (0.66, 3.30) | |
Gender male | 353 (52.0) | 147 (50.9) | 206 (52.8) | 1.08 (0.78, 1.50) | 0.62 |
Cancer (n, %) | 37 (5.4) | 10 (3.5) | 27 (6.9) | 2.08 (0.99, 4.37) | 0.048 |
Congenital heart disease (n, %) | 0.018 | ||||
Cyanotic | 84 (12.4) | 49 (17.0) | 35 (9.0) | 0.49 (0.29, 0.80) | |
Non-cyanotic | 73 (10.8) | 29 (10.0) | 44 (11.3) | 1.04 (0.61, 1.77) | |
No congenital heart disease | 522 (76.9) | 211 (73.0) | 311 (79.7) | Reference | |
PICU admission day | |||||
PRISM score | 0.35 | ||||
> 10 | 125 (18.4) | 53 (18.3) | 72 (18.5) | 0.84 (0.48, 1.46) | |
6–10 | 194 (28.6) | 93 (32.2) | 101 (25.9) | 0.67 (0.40, 1.11) | |
1–5 | 250 (36.8) | 101 (34.9) | 149 (38.2) | 0.91 (0.56, 1.48) | |
0 | 110 (16.2) | 42 (14.6) | 68 (17.4) | Reference | |
PELOD score | 0.034 | ||||
> 20 | 27 (4.0) | 7 (2.4) | 20 (5.1) | 2.82 (1.09, 7.29) | |
11–20 | 153 (22.5) | 56 (19.4) | 97 (24.9) | 1.71 (1.1, 2.67) | |
1–10 | 271 (39.9) | 113 (39.1) | 158 (40.5) | 1.39 (0.95, 2.03) | |
0 | 228 (33.6) | 113 (39.1) | 115 (29.5) | Reference | |
Lowest Hb (g/L), mean ± SD | 108.9 ± 24.3 | 120.8 ± 20.1 | 100.4 ± 23.4 | 0.96 (0.95, 0.96) | < 0.001 |
Anemia | 341 (50.2) | 57 (21.1) | 284 (75.1) | 11.27 (7.63, 16.65) | < 0.001 |
Lowest platelets count (× 109/L), mean ± SD | 234.5 ± 133.9 | 250.2 ± 114.6 | 223.2 ± 145.2 | 0.98 (0.97, 0.99) | 0.021 |
Thrombocytopeniaa | 194 (28.6) | 63 (23.4) | 131 (34.7) | 1.72 (1.18, 2.5) | 0.005 |
Admission diagnosis | |||||
Respiratory disease | 239 (35.2) | 127 (43.9) | 112 (28.8) | 0.51 (0.36, 0.72) | < 0.001 |
Infection | 254 (37.5) | 120 (41.5) | 134 (34.4) | 0.74 (0.53, 1.04) | 0.079 |
Non-cardiac surgery | 165 (24.3) | 48 (16.7) | 117 (30.2) | 2.16 (1.44, 3.21) | < 0.001 |
Cardiac surgery | 106 (15.6) | 47 (16.3) | 59 (15.1) | 0.91 (0.59, 1.42) | 0.69 |
Seizures | 49 (7.2) | 27 (9.3) | 22 (5.6) | 0.58 (0.31, 1.07) | 0.081 |
Any shock | 46 (6.8) | 16 (5.6) | 30 (7.7) | 1.44 (0.74, 2.79) | 0.28 |
Trauma | 23 (3.4) | 19 (4.9) | 4 (1.4) | 3.62 (1.17, 11.26) | 0.027 |
PICU stay | |||||
Transfusion (n, %) | |||||
Any transfusion | 176 (25.9) | 59 (20.4) | 117 (30.0) | 1.67 (1.14, 2.45) | 0.009 |
Red blood cells | 143 (21.1) | 45 (15.6) | 98 (25.1) | 1.83 (1.21, 2.77) | 0.005 |
Plasma | 94 (13.8) | 39 (13.5) | 55 (14.1) | 1.06 (0.66, 1.7) | 0.81 |
Platelets | 58 (8.5) | 13 (4.5) | 45 (11.5) | 2.73 (1.4, 5.32) | 0.004 |
Respiratory dysfunction | 337 (49.6) | 159 (55.0) | 178 (45.6) | 0.69 (0.5, 0.95) | 0.025 |
Cardiovascular dysfunction | 14 (2.1) | 4 (1.4) | 10 (2.6) | 1.91 (0.56, 6.55) | 0.30 |
Hematological dysfunction | 115 (16.9) | 32 (11.1) | 83 (21.3) | 2.15 (1.35, 3.42) | 0.002 |
Neurological dysfunction | 388 (57.1) | 162 (56.1) | 226 (57.9) | 1.09 (0.79, 1.51) | 0.60 |
Hepatic dysfunction | 98 (14.4) | 33 (11.4) | 65 (16.7) | 1.55 (0.97, 2.5) | 0.069 |
Renal dysfunction | 24 (3.5) | 4 (1.4) | 20 (5.1) | 3.86 (1.25, 11.95) | 0.02 |
New or progressive MODS | 112 (16.5) | 43 (14.9) | 69 (17.7) | 1.22 (0.78, 1.89) | 0.38 |
Death in PICU | 25 (3.7) | 9 (3.1) | 16 (4.1) | 1.35 (0.56, 3.24) | 0.50 |
Infection (proven or suspected) | 301 (44.3) | 137 (47.6) | 164 (42.3) | 0.81 (0.58, 1.12) | 0.20 |
Severe sepsis/septic shock | 63 (9.3) | 19 (6.6) | 44 (11.3) | 1.8 (1.00, 3.26) | 0.051 |
Support techniques (n, %) | |||||
Mechanical ventilation | 350 (51.5) | 147 (50.9) | 203 (52.1) | 1.05 (0.76, 1.45) | 0.75 |
Duration (day), median (Q1–Q3)b | 2 (1–5) | 2 (1–5) | 3 (1–5) | ||
ECMO/Berlin heart | 8 (1.2) | 4 (1.4) | 4 (1.0) | 0.74 (0.17, 3.24) | 0.68 |
Plasmapheresis | 5 (0.7) | 1 (0.3) | 4 (1.0) | – | – |
Renal replacement therapy | 13 (1.9) | 1 (0.3) | 12 (3.1) | 9.12 (1.11, 75.09) | 0.04 |
PICU length of stay (day), median (Q1–Q3)c | 3 (2–6) | 3 (2–6) | 3 (2–6) | 0.70 | |
PICU stay > 48 h (n, %) | 450 (66.3) | 185 (64.0) | 265 (67.9) | 1.2 (0.85, 1.68) | 0.30 |