Table 1 Patient characteristics
Characteristic | Pre-intervention phase (n = 264) | Post-intervention phase (n = 212) | p value |
|---|---|---|---|
Age (years), mean (SD) | 61.3 (14.7) | 61.8 (13.4) | 0.70a |
ICU, GTH | 106 (40.2%) | 83 (39.2%) | 0.88b |
Sex, female (%) | 98 (37.1%) | 89 (42.0%) | 0.28b |
Days on ICU, median (range) | 3 (1–67) | 3.5 (1–75) | 0.56c |
Acute admission, n (%) | 168 (63.6%) | 125 (59.0%) | 0.30b |
Surgical, n (%) | 94 (35.6%) | 105 (49.5%) | 0.02b |
APACHE IV, mean (SD) | 79.1 (32.3) | 73.22 (32.9) | 0.056a |
Died in ICUd, n (%) | 61 (23.1%) | 35 (16.5%) | 0.10b |
Specialty, n (%) | 0.01b | ||
Internal medicine | 26 (9.8%) | 23 (10,8%) | |
Cardiology | 58 (22.0%) | 30 (14.2%) | |
Neurosurgery | 14 (5.3%) | 21 (9.9%) | |
Pulmonology | 16 (6.1%) | 16 (7.5%) | |
Neurology | 31 (11.7%) | 16 (7.5%) | |
Surgery | 75 (28.4%) | 66 (31.1%) | |
Gastroenterology | 23 (8.7%) | 14 (6.6%) | |
Hematology | 13 (4.9%) | 6 (2.8%) | |
Rest | 8 (3.0%) | 20 (9.4%) | |
Admitted from, n (%) | 0.45b | ||
Emergency room | 68 (25.8%) | 46 (21.7%) | |
Community | 1 (0.4%) | 4 (1.9%) | |
Ward | 97 (36.7%) | 79 (37.3%) | |
Operating theater | 88 (33.6%) | 76 (35.8%) | |
Other hospital | 10 (3.8%) | 7 (3.3%) | |
Admission at nighte, n (%) | 86 (32.6%) | 70 (33.0%) | 0.67b |
Admission in weekend, n (%) | 68 (25.8%) | 44 (20.8%) | 0.22b |
Discharge at nighte,f, n (%) | 13 (6.4%) | 12 (6.8%) | 0.88b |
Discharge in weekendf, n (%) | 35 (17.2%) | 28 (15.8%) | 0.71b |
No of medications on | |||
BPMH (median) | 5 (1–24) | 6 (1–20) | 0.69c |
BPMDL-ICU (median) | – | 11 (1–25) | |
BPML-GW24 (median) | 11 (1–25) | 10.0 (4–23) | 0.61c |
Total no of medications on | |||
BPMH | 1655 | 1359 | |
BPML-GW24 | 2212 | 1886 | |