Study | Method | N | Patient population | Baseline position | Baseline Pmcf | Hypervolemia (induced by fluid administration) | p value* | Amount of fluid administered to induce hypervolemia | Hypovolemia (induced by HUT) | p value†|
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Maas et al. [21] | Pmcf hold | 12 | Cardiac surgery | Supine | 18.7 (4.5) | 29.1 (5.2) | 0.001 | 500 mL colloid in 15–20 min | 14.5 (3.0) | 0.005 |
Keller et al. [23] | Pmcf hold | 9 | Cardiac surgery | Semirecumbent | 19.7 | 26.9 | < 0.05 | 500 mL colloid | – | – |
 |  |  |  |  | IQR 17.0–22.6 | IQR 18.4–31.0 |  |  |  |  |
Maas et al. [22] | Pmcf hold | 10 | Cardiac surgery | Not described | 18.7 (4.0) | 26.4 (3.2) | < 0.001 | 500 mL colloid | – | – |
Guerin et al. [28] | Pmcf hold | 30 | Shock | Semirecumbent | Responder: 25 (13) | 32 (17) | <Â 0.01 | 500Â mL saline in 10Â min | Â | Â |
 |  |  |  |  | Non-responders: 24 (10) | 28 (12) | < 0.01 |  |  |  |
Geerts et al. [43] | Pmcf arm | 24 | Cardiac surgery | Supine | Responders: 16.2 (6.3) | 22.0 (7.6) | < 0.001 | 500 mL colloid | – | – |
 |  |  |  |  | Non-responders: 24.3 (8.2) | 29.9 (9.1) | < 0.001 |  |  |  |
Aya et al. [41] | Pmcf arm | 20 | Cardiac surgery | Supine | 22.4 (7.7) | – | – | – | – | – |
Aya et al. [42] | Pmcf arm | 80 | Cardiac surgery | Supine | 23.0 | – | – | – | – | – |
 |  |  |  |  | Range: 17.3–29.8 |  |  |  |  |  |
Parkin et al. [49] | Pmcf analogue | 10 | CVVH | Not described | Target state = 15.9 | – | – | CVVHD | – | – |
Cecconi et al. [48] | Pmcf analogue | 39 | Heterogenous | Not described | Responders: 17.8 (5.1) | 20.9 (5.1) | < 0.001 | Mean 252 (8.9) mL | – | – |
 |  |  |  |  | Non-responders: 17.9 (5.1) | 21.0 (4.9) | < 0.001 | 52.5% crystalloid |  |  |
 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 37.6% colloid |  |  |
 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 8.8% FFP & RBC |  |  |
Gupta et al. [20] | Pmcf analogue | 61 | Cardiac surgery | Supine | Responders: 17 (3.7) | 19 (4.3) | 0.02 | Mean 264 (16) mL | – | – |
 |  |  |  |  | Non-responders: 17 (3.6) | 19 (4.1) | 0.03 | 50% saline. Other 50%: mix of FFP, platelets, albumin, packed RBC, return of pump blood |  |  |
Aya et al. [51] | Pmcf analogue | 26 | Heterogenous | Not described | Responders: 13.7 IQR: 10.9–16.9 |  |  | 250 mL crystalloid |  |  |
 |  |  |  |  | Non-responders: 16.7 IQR: 10.5–18.9 |  |  |  |  |  |
Maas et al. [16] | Pmcf hold | 11 | Cardiac surgery | Supine | 19.7 (3.9) | 28.3 (3.6) | <Â 0.001 | 500Â mL colloid | 16.2 (3.0) | 0.001 |
 | Pmcf arm |  |  |  | 18.4 (3.7) | 27.1 (4.0) | < 0.001 |  | 15.4 (3.1) | 0.001 |
 | Pmcf analogue |  |  |  | 14.7 (2.7) | 19.2 (1.1) | < 0.001 |  | 10.9 (2.0) | < 0.001 |
Maas et al. [30] | Pmcf arm | 15 | Cardiac surgery | Supine | 21.0 (6.8) | 27.7 (7.4) | < 0.001 | 500 mL colloid (10 steps of 50 mL) | – | – |
 | Pmcf hold# |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |