Fig. 3

Action mechanisms of plasma lowering treatments by intracellular transfer. β-2 agonist (i.e., salbutamol) binds the β-2 receptor, insulin binds insulin receptors and sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO₃) induces an intracellular entrance of sodium through the Na⁺/H⁺ exchanger (NHE), all activate the sodium–potassium adenosine triphosphatase (NaK⁺ ATPase) leading to a potassium transfer from the extracellular space to the intracellular space