Impact of natural light exposure on delirium burden in adult patients receiving invasive mechanical ventilation in the ICU: a prospective study

Annals of Intensive Care

Table 3 Main outcomes

Variable	All (n = 195)	Dark (n = 85)	Light (n = 110)	p
Primary outcome
Delirium cumulative incidence^a	120/179 (67)	55/77 (71)	65/102 (64)	0.28
Secondary outcomes
Duration of delirium, days^a	3 (1–7)	3 (1–7)	3 (1–6)	0.43
Duration of coma, days	2 (1–5)	2 (1–5)	2 (1–5)	0.76
Patients intervened with antipsychotics to treat agitation^a	32/179 (18)	19/77 (25)	13/102 (13)	0.04
Hallucinations^a	28/179 (16)	17/77 (22)	11/102 (11)	0.04
Self-extubation	15 (8)	5 (6)	10 (9)	0.40
Duration of ventilation, days	7 (3–13)	7 (3–13)	7 (3–12)	0.89
ICU LOS, days	12 (7–19)	12 (8–18)	11 (7–20)	0.67
Hospital LOS, days^b	25 (14–49)	26 (15–53)	24 (14–43)	0.41
ICU mortality	47 (24)	20 (24)	27 (25)	0.87
Hospital mortality^b	60/182 (33)	24/81 (30)	36/101 (36)	0.74

Data are median (interquartile range) or numbers (percentage)
^a16 patients with coma during the whole ICU stay were excluded from analysis
^b13 patients transferred to other hospitals during ICU stay were excluded from analysis
ICU intensive care unit, LOS length of stay