Table 1 Characteristics of all included studies
Author | Year | Country | Study design | N | Assay | Outcome |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Angiopoietin 1 and 2 | ||||||
 Parikh [35] | 2006 | USA | Prospective | 22 | ELISA (R&D Systems) | Hospital mortality |
 Kranidioti [31] | 2009 | Greece | Prospective | 90 | ELISA (R&D Systems) | 28-day mortality |
 Siner [37] | 2009 | USA | Prospective | 66 | ELISA (R&D Systems) | 28-day, ICU, and hospital mortality |
 van der Heijden [38] | 2009 | Netherlands | Prospective | 50 | ELISA (R&D Systems) | 28-day, ICU, and hospital mortality |
 Davis [29] | 2010 | Australia | Prospective | 124 | ELISA (R&D Systems) | 28-day mortality |
 Ricciuto [36] | 2011 | Canada | Retrospective | 70 | ELISA (R&D Systems) | 28-day mortality |
 Fang [30] | 2015 | China | Prospective | 495 | ELISA (Abcam) | 28-day mortality |
 Lin [32] | 2015 | Taiwan | Prospective | 96 | ELISA (Sekisui Diagnostics) | Hospital mortality |
 Mikacenic [33] | 2015 | USA | Retrospective | 943 | Multiplex immunoassay (Meso Scale Discovery) | 28-day mortality |
 Palud [34] | 2015 | France | Prospective | 20 | ELISA (RayBiotech) | 7-day, 10-day, and 28-day mortality |
Total number of patients = 1976 |  |  | ||||
HMGB1 | ||||||
 Sunden-Cullberg [39] | 2005 | Sweden | Prospective | 64 | Western immunoblotting (Cocalico Biologicals) | 28-day mortality |
 Gibot [40] | 2007 | France | Prospective | 42 | ELISA (Shino-Test Corporation, customized) | 28-day mortality |
 van Zoelen [41] | 2007 | Belgium | Prospective | 111 | ELISA (non-commercial) | Hospital mortality |
 Karlsson [42] | 2008 | Finland | Prospective | 257 | ELISA (Shino-Test Corporation) | ICU and hospital mortality |
 Huang [43] | 2011 | China | Prospective | 131 | ELISA (Shino-Test Corporation) | Not specified |
 Ueno [44] | 2011 | Japan | Prospective | 60 | ELISA (non-commercial) | Not specified |
 Narvaez-Rivera [45] | 2012 | Mexico | Prospective | 30 | ELISA (IBL International) | 28-day mortality |
 Charoensup [46] | 2014 | Thailand | Prospective | 77 | ELISA (IBL International) | 1-month mortality |
 Ravetti [47] | 2015 | Brazil | Prospective | 75 | ELISA (IBL International) | 28-day and ICU mortality |
 Lee [48] | 2016 | Korea | Prospective | 212 | ELISA (IBL International) | 28-day, ICU, and Hospital mortality |
 Nobre [49] | 2016 | Brazil | Prospective | 62 | ELISA (IBL International) | 28-day and ICU mortality |
Total number of patients = 1121 |  |  | ||||
sRAGE | ||||||
 Bopp [50] | 2008 | Germany | Prospective | 37 | ELISA (R&D Systems) | 28-day mortality |
 Narvaez-Rivera [45] | 2012 | Mexico | Prospective | 30 | ELISA (R&D Systems) | 28-day mortality |
 Brodska [51] | 2013 | Czech Republic | Prospective | 54 | ELISA (R&D Systems) | 28-day mortality |
 Hamasaki [52] | 2014 | Brazil | Prospective | 73 | Multiplex immunoassay (EMD Millipore) | Not specified |
Total number of patients = 194 |  |  | ||||
sTREM-1 | ||||||
 Gibot [53] | 2005 | France | Prospective | 63 | Immunoblotting (R&D Systems) | 28-day mortality |
 Giamarellos-Bourboulis [54] | 2006 | Greece | Prospective | 90 | ELISA (R&D Systems, customized) | 28-day mortality |
 Phua [55] | 2008 | Singapore | Prospective | 93 | Immunoblotting (R&D Systems) | 28-day mortality |
 Suarez-Santamaria [56] | 2010 | Spain | Prospective | 253 | ELISA (R&D Systems, customized) | 7-day, 28-day, hospital, 6-months, and 1-year mortality |
 Zhang [57] | 2011 | China | Prospective | 52 | ELISA (R&D Systems) | 28-day mortality |
 Su [58] | 2012 | China | Prospective | 160 | ELISA (R&D Systems) | 28-day mortality |
 Li [59] | 2014 | China | Prospective | 102 | ELISA (R&D Systems) | 28-day mortality |
 Bayram [60] | 2015 | Turkey | Prospective | 74 | ELISA (R&D Systems) | Not specified |
 Ravetti [47] | 2015 | Brazil | Prospective | 75 | ELISA (R&D Systems) | 28-day and ICU mortality |
 Charles [61] | 2016 | France | Prospective | 190 | ELISA (R&D Systems) | 14-day and ICU mortality |
 Brenner [62] | 2017 | Germany | Retrospective | 120 | ELISA (R&D Systems) | 90-day mortality |
Total number of patients = 1272 |  |  | ||||
suPAR | ||||||
 Giamarellos-Bourboulis [63] | 2012 | Greece | Prospective | 1914 | ELISA (ViroGates) | 28-day mortality |
 Gustafsson [64] | 2012 | Sweden | Prospective | 49 | ELISA (ViroGates) | 90-day mortality |
 Hoenigl [65] | 2013 | Austria | Prospective | 132 | ELISA (ViroGates) | 28-day mortality |
 Suberviola [66] | 2013 | Spain | Prospective | 137 | ELISA (ViroGates) | ICU and hospital mortality |
 Donadello [67] | 2014 | Belgium | Prospective | 258 | ELISA (ViroGates) | 28-day and ICU mortality |
 Khater [68] | 2016 | Egypt | Prospective | 80 | ELISA (R&D Systems) | 30-day mortality |
 Liu [69] | 2016 | China | Prospective | 137 | ELISA (ViroGates) | 28-day mortality |
 Shan [70] | 2016 | China | Prospective | 142 | ELISA (commercial, not specified) | 90-day mortality |
 Tsirigotis [71] | 2016 | Greece | Prospective | 105 | ELISA (ViroGates) | 28-day and ICU mortality |
 Zeng [72] | 2016 | China | Prospective | 126 | ELISA (USCN Life Science) | 28-day mortality |
Total number of patients = 3080 |  |  | ||||