Table 1 Demographic characteristics of the 107 patients with Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia

Age, years, mean ± SD

56 ± 18

Males, n (%)

65 (61)

BMI, kg/m², mean ± SD

23 ± 4

Serum albumin, g/L, mean ± SD

26.8 ± 6.3

Chronic underlying disease, n (%)

 Chronic pulmonary disease

33 (30.8)

 Chronic kidney disease

24 (22.4)

 Chronic heart failure

9 (8.4)

ICU admission, n (%)

51 (47.7)

Severe ARDS, n (%)

47 (43.9)

PaO₂/FiO₂ on admission, mean ± SD

174 ± 112

SAPS2, mean ± SD

33 ± 13

SOFA score on day 1, mean ± SD

3 ± 3

Cause of immunodeficiency, n (%)^a

 Haematological malignancy

37 (34.6)

 Solid organ transplant

27 (25.2)

 HIV infection

21 (19.6)

 HIV viral load, copies/mL, mean ± SD

317,240 ± 474,037

 Systemic disease

13 (12.2)

 Solid malignancy

12 (11.2)

 Primary immunodeficiency

8 (7.5)

 Ongoing immunosuppressive therapy, n (%)

83 (77.6)

 Ongoing glucocorticoid therapy, n (%)

51 (47.7)

  Prednisolone-equivalent dosage, mg/day, mean ± SD

17 ± 30

PJP prophylaxis, n (%)^b

21 (19.6)

Time from symptom onset to admission, days, mean ± SD

13 ± 22

Time from symptom onset to initiation of effective therapy, days, mean ± SD

16 ± 19.7

Laboratory findings, mean ± SD

 White blood cells/mm³

12.5 ± 26.5

 Neutrophils/mm³

7.4 ± 13

 Lymphocytes/mm³

2038.1 ± 7913.5

 CRP, mg/L

110.1 ± 96.1

 LDH, µKat/L

9.8 ± 5.8

Diagnosis of PJP

 Sputum

16 (15)

  Positive PJ PCR

15

  PJ visible in smears

3

 Bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid

  N of patients (%)

97 (90.7)

  Time from onset to BAL, days, mean ± SD

3 ± 5.5

  PJ visible in smears, n (%)

49 (45.8)

  Alveolitis profile, n (%)

31 (29)

Co-infection at PJP diagnosis, n (%)

 Viral infection

37 (35)

 Bacterial infection

29 (18)

 Invasive fungal infection

5 (5)

Respiratory support, n (%)

 Mechanical ventilation

30 (28)

 Non-invasive ventilation

2 (1.9)

Outcome

 90-day mortality, n (%)

29 (27.1)