Effect of nitric oxide on postoperative acute kidney injury in patients who underwent cardiopulmonary bypass: a systematic review and meta-analysis with trial sequential analysis

Annals of Intensive Care

Table 1 Details of the included randomized controlled trials

Study (year)	Population	The protocol of NO therapy	Comparison	Definition of AKI	Duration of CPB (min)		No. of AKI/no. of cases
Study (year)	Population	The protocol of NO therapy	Comparison	Definition of AKI	NO	Control	NO	Control
Potapov (2011)	Adults, LVAD placement	40 ppm within 48 h, through inhalation^#	Placebo	Need for RRT	NA	NA	10/73	8/77
Fernandes (2011)	Adults, mitral stenosis and severe pulmonary hypertension	10 ppm within 48 h, through inhalation^#	Oxygen	Urine output < 0.3 ml/kg/h	88 ± 31^#	94 ± 34^#	0/14	1/15
Lei (2018)	Adults, multiple valve replacement surgery, mostly due to rheumatic fever	80 ppm within 24 h,through CPB and inhalation	Placebo	KDIGO criteria (SCr only)	138 (122;159)^$&	134 (114;154)^&	58/117	81/127
Kamenshchikov (2018)	Adults, CABG	40 ppm through CPB	Standard CPB	KDIGO criteria (SCr only)*	110 (85.8;137)^&	116 (88.8;129.5)^&	1/30	3/30
Kamenshchikov (2019)	Adults, CABG, valve surgery, surgical reconstruction of the left ventricle	40 ppm through CPB	Standard CPB	KDIGO criteria (SCr and urine output)	118 (95.5;167.5)^&	119 (91.7;130.4)^&	10/48	20/48

LVAD left ventricular assist device, AKI acute kidney injury, CABG coronary artery bypass grafting, CPB cardiopulmonary bypass; placebo, an equivalent concentration of nitrogen; KDIGO criteria* only monitoring for 2 days after operation, RRT renal replacement therapy; through inhalation ^# started NO administration immediately at the discontinuation of CPB; ^$ p = 0.048; ^# mean ± SD; ^& median (interquartile range)