Table 1 Demographic and baseline characteristics of the study population

N

330

174

156

Mean age, years (SD)

47 ± 8

44 ± 7

50 ± 7

0.013^a

Male sex, n(%)

158 (48)

83 (48)

75 (48)

0.750

Mean SOFA scores (SD)

12 ± 3

10 ± 4

12 ± 3

0.060

Positive blood culture, n(%)

69 (21)

29 (17)

40 (26)

0.145

Shock, n(%)

121 (37)

48 (28)

73 (47)

0.002^a

ARDS, n(%)

102 (31)

60 (35)

42 (27)

0.089

Comorbidities, n(%)

 Hypertension

45 (14)

20 (12)

25 (16)

0.231

 Diabetes mellitus

53 (16)

22 (13)

31 (20)

0.074

Infection foci, n (%)

 Respiratory system

142 (43)

75 (43)

67 (43)

0.731

 Abdominal cavity

55 (17)

31 (18)

24 (15)

0.554

 Urinary tract

71 (22)

47 (27)

24 (15)

0.010^a

 Bloodstream

55 (17)

17 (10)

38 (24)

0.010^a

 Unknown

7 (2)

4 (2)

3 (2)

0.813

 Average plasma SP-D, ng/mL

137 ± 25

124 ± 20

153 ± 22

0.001^a

 Median (IQR) urinary NGAL, ng/mL

501 (477, 560)

480 (469, 496)

561 (536, 611)

0.001^a