Table 2 Characteristics of the patients with persistent or recurrent hypoperfusion after the initial fluid load and vasopressor administration, and who required additional fluid administration
All (n = 413) | Survivors (n = 216) | Nonsurvivors (n = 197) | P-value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Age (years) | 60 ± 18 | 58 ± 19 | 62 ± 17 | 0.007 |
Gender, female | 196/413 (47) | 111/216 (51) | 85/197 (43) | 0.09 |
Charlson score | 2 [0–4] | 1 [0–3] | 3 [1–4] | < 0.000 |
Previous duration of symptoms | 48 [16–72] | 24[12–72] | 48 [24–96] | < 0.000 |
Admission to a public hospital | 211/413 (51) | 85/216 (39) | 126/197 (64) | < 0.000 |
APACHE II score | 21 ± 9 | 18 ± 8 | 24 ± 9 | < 0.000 |
Systemic inflammatory response syndrome | 385/409 (94) | 206/215 (96) | 179/194 (92) | 0.13 |
Shock on admission | 216/409 (51) | 90/216 (42) | 126/197 (64) | < 0.000 |
SOFA score | 8 ± 4 | 7 ± 4 | 10 ± 4 | < 0.000 |
Arterial lactate (mmol/L) | 2.5 [1.6–4.0] | 2.1 [1.4–3.5] | 2.8 [1.9–5.1] | < 0.000 |
Utilization of mechanical ventilation | 280/386 (73) | 109/202 (54) | 171/184 (93) | < 0.000 |
Time to the first antibiotic dose (h) | 2 [1–5] | 2 [1–4] | 3 [1–6] | 0.004 |
Complications | ||||
Acute respiratory distress syndrome | 131/385 (34) | 52/200 (26) | 79/185 (43) | 0.89 |
Gastrointestinal bleeding | 10/385 (3) | 5/201 (2) | 5/184 (3) | 0.94 |
Length of mechanical ventilation (days) | 4 [0–10] | 2 [0–8] | 5 [2–11] | < 0.0001 |
ICU length of stay (days) | 8 [3–18] | 10 [4–20] | 6 [2–12] | < 0.0002 |
Hospital length of stay (days) | 17 [8–33] | 23 [13–40] | 10 [3–23] | < 0.0001 |