Respiratory virus-associated infections in HIV-infected adults admitted to the intensive care unit for acute respiratory failure: a 6-year bicenter retrospective study (HIV-VIR study)

Annals of Intensive Care

Table 2 Causative diagnosis of acute respiratory failure in 123 HIV-infected patients admitted to the ICU

Patients	All patients (n = 123)	CD4 ≤ 200 (n = 66)	CD4 > 200 (n = 57)
Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia	29 (23.6)	26 (39.4)	3 (5.3)
Other opportunistic lung infection^a	9 (7.3)	7 (10.6)	2 (3.5)
Non-opportunistic acute lung infection	59 (48)	22 (33.3)	37 (64.9)
Bacteria	53	21	32
Streptococcus pneumoniae	14	9	5
Other Streptococcus	3	1	2
Staphylococcus aureus	9	5	4
Legionella pneumophila	3	0	3
Haemophilus influenzae	2	0	2
Moraxella catarrhalis	1	0	1
Klebsiella pneumoniae/Escherichia coli	2	0	2
Other enterobacteria	5	1	4
Pseudomonas aeruginosa	9	4	5
Other Gram-negative bacteria	1	1	0
Mycoplasma pneumoniae	1	0	1
Anaerobes	1	0	1
Other bacteria	2	0	2
Virus	25	13	12
Rhinovirus	8	6	2
Adenovirus	2	1	1
Coronavirus	1	1	0
Influenza virus	6	2	4
Human metapneumovirus	1	0	1
Parainfluenza virus	3	2	1
Respiratory syncytial virus	4	1	3
Bacteria–virus coinfection	12	8	4
Virus–virus coinfection	2	2	0
Undocumented	8	2	6
Non-infectious lung disease^b	19 (15.4)	5 (7.6)	14 (24.6)
Extra-pulmonary cause^c	7 (5.7)	6 (9.1)	1 (1.8)

Data are presented as number (%). CD4 refers to CD4 lymphocyte count (cells/µL)
^aOther opportunistic lung infections included CMV-associated pneumonia (n = 5) and pulmonary tuberculosis (n = 4)
^bNon-infectious lung diseases included acute exacerbation of COPD of non-infectious etiology (n = 6), cardiogenic lung edema without underlying lung agent (n = 5), cryptogenic hemoptysis (n = 1), intra-alveolar hemorrhage (n = 1); acute interstitial pneumonia (n = 2), Mendelson syndrome (n = 1), sickle cell disease (acute chest syndrome) (n = 1); neoplastic pleural effusion (n = 1) and Castleman disease (n = 1)
^cExtra-pulmonary causes included histoplasmosis (n = 1), Cryptococcus neoformans meningitis (n = 1), bacterial meningitis (n = 2), pyelonephritis (n = 2) and bacteremia of unknown origin (n = 1)