Table 1 Published case reports describing patients with COVID-19 complicated by pulmonary embolism (PE)
Authors (country) | Sex, age (years) | Time to PE (days)* | Comorbid conditions | Source of PE | Extent of PE | Therapy | Outcome, remarks |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Danzi et al. (Italy) [2] | F, 75 | 10 | None | None | Bilateral | LMWH | NR |
Cellina et al. (Italy) [3] | M, 60 | 13 | Overweight | None | Bilateral; left main pulmonary artery and right interlobar artery | NR | NR |
Ullah et al. (USA) [4] | F, 59 | > 8 | Hypertension, type 2 diabetes mellitus | None | Bilateral; central and proximal segmental pulmonary artery and linear sellar PE | LMWH → Apixaban | Discharged after 1 week |
Casey et al. (USA) [5] | M, 42 | 12 | None | None | Bilateral segmental; infarct in the right lower lobe | LMWH | Discharged home |
Foch et al. (France) [6] | M, 50 | 7 | Recent long-haul flight | None | Middle lobe and segmental | LMWH | NR |
Rotzinger et al. (Switzerland) [7] | M, 75 | 4 | None | None | Right middle lobar segmental | LMWH | NR |
Fabre et al. (France) [8] | F, 45 | 7 | Obesity, hypertension | Clot in patent foramen ovale, DVT of left leg | Massive bilateral proximal PE | Surgical embolectomy, ECMO | Death |
Sulemane et al. (UK) [9] | M, 60 | – | Hypertension, hypercholesterolemia | Small, highly mobile mural thrombus within RV free wall | Bilateral; inferior lingula and segmental branches to lateral segment of middle lobe | Thrombolysis | NR |
Audo et al. (Italy) [10] | M, 59 | > 10 days | None | None | Massive bilateral; right atrium and left and right main pulmonary arteries | Surgical embolectomy | Transferred to a regular ward |
Le Berre et al. (France) [11] | M, 71 | 17 | None | Thrombosis of right posterior tibial vein | Anterior basal branch of right inferior lobe pulmonary artery | LMWH | Survived |
Jafari et al. (Iran) [12] | F, 50 | 7 | None | None | Large saddle PE | Heparin and antithrombotic treatment | Discharged home |
Griffin et al. (USA) [13] | M, 52 | 18 | Smoker | None | Bilateral | LMWH → rivaroxaban | Discharged receiving supplemental oxygen |
F, 60 | 18 | Ovarian cancer post oophorectomy, DVT 18 years earlier | None | Multiple bilateral segmental and subsegmental PE | LMWH → rivaroxaban | Discharged receiving supplemental oxygen | |
M, 68 | 22 | Hypertension, diabetes mellitus | None | Bilateral | LMWH | Favorable outcome | |
Martinelli et al. (Italy) [14] | F, 17 | 9 | Obesity, pregnancy | None | Segmental PEin the right superior lobe | LMWH | Discharged home Urgent cesarean sections (29W) |
Lushina et al. (USA) [15] | M, 84 | 14 | Hypertension | None | Bilateral lobar PE | LMWH; thrombectomy | Death on day 2 |
Harsch et al. (Germany) [16] | F, 66 | > 7 | Atrial fibrillation | None | Bilateral pulmonary arterial emboli in the lower lobes | Apixaban | Discharged home |
Ueki et al. (Switzerland) [17] | M, 82 | 7 | None | None | Thrombus in right pulmonary artery | NR | NR |
Ioan et al. (Spain) [18] | M, 61 | 7 | Smoking, hypertension | None | Bilateral | r-tPA | NR |
Bruggemann et al. (Netherland) [19] | M, 57 | 14 | Peripheral arterial disease | None | Multiple PE in the right pulmonary artery and bilateral (sub)segmental PE | LMWH | NR |
Perez-Girbes (Spain) [20] | M, 68 | NR | NR | NR | Right lobar PE and segmental PE in the right superior lobe | NR | NR |
Khodamoradi et al. (Iran) [21] | F, 36 | 5 | Pregnancy, 5Â days after cesarean section | None | Right side interlobar artery, posterior basal segment, and the lingular branch | LMWH | Discharged home |
Poggiali et al. (Italy) [22] | M, 64 | 27 | None | DVT | Left subsegmental PE | Fondaparinux/dapigatran | Discharged home |
Marsico et al. (Spain) [23] | M, 32 | 14 | None | None | Bilateral segmental and subsegmental branches of pulmonary arteries | LMWH | Discharged home |
F, 59 | 19 | Hypertension, hypothyroidism | None | Bilateral segmental and subsegmental branches of pulmonary arteries. | LMWH | Discharged home | |
Schmiady et al. (Swizerland) [24] | F, 54 | 3 | HIT-II | Multiple thrombi in the inferior vena cava, the right atrium, and the pelvic veins | Central pulmonary artery with occlusion of the lower right and middle pulmonary artery | Argatroban Thrombectomy ECMO | NR |
Polat and Bostancı (Turkey) [25] | F, 41 | NR | Diabetes mellitus | None | Bilateral central PE | r-tPA/heparin | Sudden death |
Ahmed et al. (UK) [26] | F, 29 | 14 | Diabetes mellitus, obesity, pregnancy | None | Right lower lobe | NR | Death |
Molina et al. (USA) [27] | M, 23 | NR | Nitrous oxide abuse | DVT | Saddle PE | r-tPA | NR |
Vitali et al. (Italy) [28] | M.70 | 22 | None | None | Bilateral lobar and segmental | LMWH | Discharged home |