Table 6 Main antidotes for cardiovascular drugs
From: Management of pharmaceutical and recreational drug poisoning
| Antidote | Toxin | Indication | Availability | Comments |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Atropine | Negative chronotropic effects |
Bradycardia QT prolongation | Immediate | Expert opinion |
| Hypertonic sodium bicarbonate | Membrane-stabilizing effects | QRS ≥ 120 ms and MAP ≤ 65 mmHg | Immediate | Expert opinion |
| Calcium salts | Calcium-channel blockers |
HR ≤ 60 bpm MAP ≤ 65 mmHg | Immediate | Expert opinion |
| Catecholamine | Polyvalent | Shock | Immediate | Grade 2 |
| Digoxin antibody Fab fragments | Digoxin | < 2 h | Grade 2 | |
| Glucagon | Beta-blockers | Bradycardia | < 2 h | Expert opinion |
| Isoprenaline |
Beta-blockers (sotalol) Negative chronotropic effects: calcium-channel blockers |
QT prolongation Torsades de pointes Bradycardia | Immediate | Expert opinion |
| Insulin–glucose |
Calcium-channel blockers Beta-blockers |
Bradycardia MAP ≤ 65 mmHg | Immediate | Expert opinion |
