Table 6 Main antidotes for cardiovascular drugs
From: Management of pharmaceutical and recreational drug poisoning
Antidote | Toxin | Indication | Availability | Comments |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Atropine | Negative chronotropic effects | Bradycardia QT prolongation | Immediate | Expert opinion |
Hypertonic sodium bicarbonate | Membrane-stabilizing effects | QRS ≥ 120 ms and MAP ≤ 65 mmHg | Immediate | Expert opinion |
Calcium salts | Calcium-channel blockers | HR ≤ 60 bpm MAP ≤ 65 mmHg | Immediate | Expert opinion |
Catecholamine | Polyvalent | Shock | Immediate | Grade 2 |
Digoxin antibody Fab fragments | Digoxin |  | < 2 h | Grade 2 |
Glucagon | Beta-blockers | Bradycardia | < 2 h | Expert opinion |
Isoprenaline | Beta-blockers (sotalol) Negative chronotropic effects: calcium-channel blockers | QT prolongation Torsades de pointes Bradycardia | Immediate | Expert opinion |
Insulin–glucose | Calcium-channel blockers Beta-blockers | Bradycardia MAP ≤ 65 mmHg | Immediate | Expert opinion |