Table 1 Characteristics of patients with severe imported malaria

Number of patients

189*

98

91

Gender, male

119 (63)

65 (66)

54 (59)

0.32

Age, median in years [IQR]

45 [31; 56]

45 [29; 56]

45 [33; 57]

0.33

Clinical history of previous malaria

44 (23)

16 (16)

28 (31)

0.02

Positive malaria serology

89 (47)

45 (66)

44 (63)

0.68

 Highly positive (IIFA > 1:1024)

29 (15)

17 (17)

12 (13)

0.36

 Positive (IIFA from 1:64 to 1:1024)

60 (32)

28 (29)

32 (35)

.

 Negative (IIFA < 1:64)

49 (26)

23 (23)

26 (29)

.

 Missing

51 (27)

30 (31)

21 (23)

.

Ethnic group

< .01

 Caucasian

51 (27)

36 (37)

15 (16)

 African

138 (73)

62 (63)

76 (84)

  African living in France

121 (64)

53 (54)

68 (75)

.

  African living in Africa

17 (9)

9 (9)

8 (9)

.

Cause of travel

0.07

 Visiting friends and relatives/living in endemic areas

136 (72)

65 (66)

71 (78)

 Europeans travelling for tourism or work

53 (28)

33 (34)

20 (22)

.

Complete anti-malarial chemoprophylaxis

12 (6)

6 (6)

6 (7)

0.89

Travel in West and Central Africa

182 (96)

92 (94)

90 (99)

0.07

Plasmodium falciparum

184 (97)

95 (97)

89 (98)

0.71

Time from symptoms onset to ICU admission, median in days [IQR]

6 [4, 9]

6 [4, 9]

5 [3, 9]

0.08

Treatment started at the time of ICU admission

91 (48.9)

47 (49.5)

44 (48.4)

0.43

Treatment started < 8 h before ICU admission

59 (31.7)

27 (28.4)

32 (35.2)

Treatment started < 24 h before ICU admission

11 (5.9)

8 (8.4)

3 (3.3)

Treatment started > 24 h before ICU admission

25 (13.4)

13 (13.7)

12 (13.2)

ICU length of stay, median [IQR]

2 [2, 4]

4 [2, 7]

2 [2, 3]

< .01

Hospital length of stay, median [IQR]

7 [5, 13]

8 [6, 15]

7 [5, 10]

0.05

SAPS II, median [IQR]

25 [18; 36]

28 [20; 36]

22 [16; 35]

0.03

SOFA, median [IQR]

6 [4, 8]

6 [5, 8]

5 [4, 7]

< .01

Mortality

7 (4)

5 (5)

2 (2)

0.29