Table 3 Determinants associated with ICU-acquired pneumonia using sub-distribution hazard ratio in univariate and multivariate analysis

Group

 Bacterial pneumonia

Ref

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 COVID-19

1.52

1.17–1.98

0.001

2.18

1.2–3.98

0.011

 Viral pneumonia

0.8

0.46–1.42

0.46

0.76

0.43–1.36

0.35

 Male gender

1.67

1.23–2.27

0.001

1.55

1.14–2.12

0.005

 Obesity

1.25

0.96–1.63

0.094

 Immunosuppression

0.68

0.5–0.93

0.02

 Admission SAPS2, per point

0.99

0.99–1

0.06

 Admission SOFA, per point

0.97

0.95–1.01

0.15

 COPD

0.65

0.45–0.97

0.032

 Cancer

0.73

0.52–1.04

0.081

 Prone positioning

1.03

1–1.07

0.075

 Vasopressors

1.42

0.97–2.08

0.073

 Blood transfusion

1.21

0.93–1.57

0.15

  Conventional respiratory device

0.39

0.21–0.73

0.003

 Antimicrobial treatment

0.46

0.24–0.9

0.023

 ARDS

1.61

1.39–2.37

 < 0.001

1.84

1.25–2.72

0.002

 Duration of MV prior to VAP, days

1.02

1.02–1.04

 < 0.001

1.027

1.01–1.04

 < 0.001