Pain and dyspnea control during awake fiberoptic bronchoscopy in critically ill patients: safety and efficacy of remifentanil target-controlled infusion

Annals of Intensive Care

Table 1 Scores used for comfort, cough and sedation (by OAA/S and RASS scores)

Comfort and cough scale		2	3	4	5
Comfort*	No reaction	Slight grimacing	Heavy grimacing	Head or limb defending	–
Cough**	None	Slight	Moderate	Important	–

OAA/S scale***	1	2	3	4	5
Responsiveness speech	Does not respond to noxious stimuli	Responds only after mild prodding or shaking	Responds only after name called loudly and/or repeatedly	Lethargic response to name spoken in normal tone	Responds readily to name spoken in normal tone
Facial expression	–	–	Marked relaxation	Mild relaxation	Normal
Eyes	–	–	Glazed and marked ptosis	Glazed or mild ptosis	Clear, no ptosis

RASS score****	– 5	− 4	− 3	− 2	− 1
RASS	Unarousable	Deep sedation	Moderate sedation	Light sedation	Drowsy

^* Puchner et al. [23]
^** Chalumeau et al. [20]
^*** OAA/S scale: Observer Assessment of Alertness/Sedation scale which evaluates the level of consciousness in patients sedated [22]
^**** Richmond Agitation Sedation Score [21]