Table 2 Severe COVID-19 myeloid phenotypes at admission
From: Myeloid phenotypes in severe COVID-19 predict secondary infection and mortality: a pilot study
Cluster 1 (HAMM, n = 8) | Cluster 2 (PID, n = 18) | Cluster 3 (TID, n = 9) | p | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Age (years) | 44 (43–57) | 63 (59–67) | 55 (53–59) | 0.04 |
BMI (kg/m2) | 27.6 (26.3–31.5) | 29.4 (26.7–31.8) | 29.2 (26.4–31.4) | 0.94 |
Gender male | 3 (60%) | 12 (66%) | 5 (55%) | 0.07 |
SOFA score | 10 (2–14) | 7 (6.5–12) | 8 (6–12) | 0.96 |
SAPS II score | 57 (22–59) | 55 (48–65) | 54 (45–58) | 0.63 |
Laboratory values | ||||
Leucocytes (/mm3) | 8940 (7520–15,600) | 8370 (6800–11,260) | 10,380 (5970–12,740) | 0.74 |
Neutrophils (/mm3) | 5180 (4770–8310) | 6320 (5525–11,415) | 9770 (7960–11,080) | 0.66 |
Immature neutrophils (%) | 7.3 (4–23) | 3.3 (2.7–6.7) | 4.6 (1.1–7.2) | 0.39 |
Lymphocytes (/mm3) | 1191 (970–1370) | 800 (620–1340) | 860 (780–1220) | 0.87 |
CD4 (/mm3) | 438 (308–670) | 396 (230–529) | 312 (226–339) | 0.44 |
CD8 (/mm3) | 246 (74–356) | 268 (110–376) | 213 (162–243) | 0.93 |
NK (/mm3) | 69 (63–92) | 102 (65–167) | 111 (91.5–193.5) | 0.24 |
B (/mm3) | 301 (42–313) | 132 (122–283) | 127 (89–201) | 0.80 |
Monocytes (/mm3)a | 110.2 (51.6–284) | 307.4 (169.4–350.3) | 198.7 (81.5–270.3) | 0.2 |
mHLA-DR (AB/C) | 46,340 (41,550–48,017) | 10,060 (6329–16,281) | 15,646 (10,873–28,568) | 0.002 |
M-MDSC (%) | 1.8 (0.4–1.87) | 13.9 (5.4–27.8) | 3 (0.9–14.8) | 0.009 |
CD11b+ HLA-DR+ | 96.2 (95.8–97.95) | 82.2 (69.0–94.6) | 96.9 (85.2–14.8) | 0.01 |
CD11− HLA-DR+ | 0.37 (0–1.8) | 0 (0–0.3) | 0 (0–0) | 0.28 |
LNR (%) | 20.3 (11–26.4) | 12.6 (9.2–17.4) | 10.7 (9.8–17.1) | 0.45 |
LMR (%) | 9.1 (3.4–10.8) | 3.5 (2.6–4.3) | 3.1 (2.2–5.2) | 0.2 |
Immunoglobulin G (g/L) | 7.66 (7.54–10.10) | 9.93 (8.02–12.5) | 11.5 (9.80–14.30) | 0.30 |
Immunoglobulin M (g/L) | 1.21 (0.90–1.34) | 0.81 (0.63–1.24) | 1.3 (0.90–1.55) | 0.36 |
Immunoglobulin A (g/L) | 3.40 (1.94–4.32) | 2.63 (2.21–3.71) | 2.80(2.20–3.30) | 0.99 |
C3 (g/L) | 1.32 (1.09–1.53) | 1.28 (1.09–1.43) | 1.39 (1.23–1.44) | 0.73 |
C4 (g/L) | 0.25 (0.23–0.25) | 0.24 (0.16–0.35) | 0.29 (0.28–0.36) | 0.40 |
CH50 (U/mL) | 68 (63–69) | 64 (52.5–73) | 79 (72–83) | 0.16 |
Platelets (× 103/mm3) | 340 (333–387) | 308 (237–482) | 242 (182–312) | 0.73 |
Fibrinogen (mg/dL) | 8.1 (6.5–8.1) | 7.2 (6.5–8.1) | 8.1 (6.7–8.3) | 0.81 |
d-dimers (g/dL) | 2875 (2027.5–3370) | 1620 (1480–3510) | 2610 (1880–4000) | 0.86 |
Ferritin (μg/L) | 507 (418–919) | 1416 (768–1730) | 1313 (729–1675) | 0.30 |
Creatinine (μmol/L) | 67 (42–172) | 68 (57–121) | 85 (60–109) | 0.84 |
Total bilirubin (μmol/L) | 5 (5–6) | 11 (6–17) | 10 (8–21) | 0.22 |
PCT (ng/mL) | 0.57 (0.47–2.95) | 0.54 (0.19–1.74) | 0.88 (0.64–2.77) | 0.29 |
CRP (mg/L) | 99 (74.5–117) | 163 (85–229) | 206.5 (149.8–233) | 0.33 |
Outcomes | ||||
28-day mortality | 2 (40%) | 2(13%) | 2 (22%) | 0.36 |
60-day mortality | 2 (40%) | 5 (33%) | 3 (33%) | 0.24 |
PICU length of stay | 7 (6–10) | 20 (11–24) | 15 (11–23.5) | 0.30 |