Fig. 3
From: Long-term cardiovascular complications following sepsis: is senescence the missing link?
Characteristics of senescent endothelial cell. Senescent cells become irregular and flat with cytoplasmic and nuclear enlargement, multiple organelle modifications, including enlarged and dysfunctional lysosomes enclosing lipid and protein aggregates. Senescent cells can exhibit hyperelongated mitochondria resulting from unbalanced mitochondrial fission and fusion thereby favoring ROS generation. An expanded Golgi apparatus is also observed, along with nuclear enlargement and chromatin condensation such as SAHF. Senescence-associated dysfunction includes the SASP with autocrine and paracrine effects, the apoptosis resistance and cell cycle arrest. ROS reactive oxygen species, SAHF senescence-associated heterochromatin foci, SASP senescence-associated secretory phenotype