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Annals of Intensive Care

Table 2 Treatment characteristics and crude outcome

From: Characteristics and outcome of COVID-19 patients admitted to the ICU: a nationwide cohort study on the comparison between the first and the consecutive upsurges of the second wave of the COVID-19 pandemic in the Netherlands

Characteristic

Total

Wave 1

In-between

Wave 2

Wave 3

P value

Wave 2 vs. Wave 1

P value

Wave 3 vs. Wave 1

Mechanical ventilation at ICU admission, N (%)

3607 (30.0)

1315 (48.1)

98 (20.4)

1057 (25.1)

1137 (24.7)

 < 0.001

 < 0.001

Mechanical ventilation in first 24 h of ICU admission, N (%)

7537 (62.7)

2161 (79.1)

246 (51.2)

2450 (58.1)

2680 (58.2)

 < 0.001

 < 0.001

Vasoactive drugs in first 24 h of ICU admission, N (%)

6129 (50.9)

1837 (67.2)

209 (43.5)

2024 (48.0)

2059 (44.7)

 < 0.001

 < 0.001

ICU occupancy rate (fraction of occupancy in 2019) at admission (in quintiles), N (%) 0.11–1.15

2052 (17.1)

413 (15.1)

322 (67.1)

791 (18.8)

526 (11.4)

 < 0.001

 < 0.001

1.15–1.39

2437 (20.3)

298 (10.9)

79 (16.5)

1043 (24.7)

1017 (22.1)

  

1.39–1.66

2481 (20.6)

387 (14.2)

33 (6.9)

967 (22.9)

1094 (23.8)

  

1.66–2.07

2486 (20.7)

670 (24.5)

16 (3.3)

786 (18.6)

1014 (22.0)

  

2.07–5.49

2500 (20.8)

959 (35.1)

28 (5.8)

573 (13.6)

940 (20.4)

  

Unknown

74 (0.6)

6 (0.2)

2 (0.4)

55 (1.3)

11 (0.2)

  

ICU occupancy rate (fraction of occupancy in 2019) at admission Mean (SD)

1.64 (0.55)

1.83 (0.62)

1.09 (0.42)

1.55 (0.47)

1.68 (0.52)

 < 0.001

 < 0.001

Stay at the hospital pre-ICU (days) Mean (SD)

2.2 (9.6)

1.7 (3.0)

1.0 (18.6)

2.5 (10.9)

2.4 (9.6)

 < 0.001

 < 0.001

Transfer to other ICU, N (%)

3249 (27.0)

884 (32.3)

109 (22.7)

1163 (27.6)

1093 (23.8)

 < 0.001

 < 0.001

Length of ICU stay, days

Mean (SD)

17.5 (17.6)

20.7 (20.6)

16.3 (16.1)

17.2 (16.9)

16.0 (16.3)

 < 0.001

 < 0.001

Length of hospital stay, days

Mean (SD)

31.7 (55.1)

37.8 (78.3)

34.6 (70.3)

31.4 (51.5)

28.1 (36.3)

 < 0.001

 < 0.001

ICU mortality, N (%)

2916 (24.2)

735 (26.9)

109 (22.7)

1161 (27.5)

911 (19.8)

0.5704

 < 0.001

In-hospital mortality, N (%)

3377 (28.1)

818 (29.9)

130 (27.1)

1350 (32.0)

1079 (23.4)

0.0692

 < 0.001

  1. Wave 1, February, 2020–May 24, 2020
  2. Period in-between, May 25, 2020–October 4, 2020
  3. Wave 2: first and second upsurge of Wave 2, October 5, 2020–January 31, 2021
  4. Wave 3: final upsurge of Wave 2, February 1–June 30, 2021
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