From: Corporeal rehabilitation to manage acute stress in critically ill patients
Parameter | N | All patients (n = 287) | Non-responders (n = 99) | Responders (n = 188) | p value |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Baseline evaluation | |||||
 Pre-inclusion time (days)* | 287 | 3 [2–7] | 3 [2–7] | 3 [2–7] | 0.613 |
 Days of IMV before inclusion | 72 | 8 [5–22] | 7 [4–23] | 9 [5–20] | 0.582 |
Hemodynamics | |||||
 Heart rate (bpm) | 287 | 90 [79–104] | 90 [78–102] | 90 [80–104] | 0.612 |
 SAP (mmHg) | 287 | 127 [115–141] | 127 [115–141] | 128 [114–141] | 0.750 |
 DAP (mmHg) | 287 | 70 [62–80] | 68 [60–79] | 71 [63–82] | 0.048 |
 MAP (mmHg) | 287 | 92 [82–101] | 92 [82–98] | 92 [82–102] | 0.504 |
Comfort | |||||
 Pain score | 263 | 4 [0–6] | 3 [0–6] | 4 [0–7] | 0.108 |
 Stress score | 263 | 4 [0–7] | 0 [0–5] | 5 [0–7] | < 0.001 |
 Dyspnea score | 112 | 2 [1–3] | 2 [0–3] | 2 [1–3] | 0.690 |
 Well-being score | 259 | 5 [4–7] | 6 [5–8] | 5 [3–6] | < 0.001 |
 Discomfort | 287 | 45 (16%) | 15 (15%) | 30 (16%) | 0.858 |
Neurological function | |||||
 Continuous sedation or analgesia | 287 | 10 (4%) | 1 (1%) | 9 (5%) | 0.173 |
 Midazolam | 287 | 1 (0%) | 0 (0%) | 1 (1%) | > 0.99 |
 Sufentanyl | 287 | 9 (3%) | 1 (1%) | 8 (4%) | 0.171 |
 Neuroleptic | 287 | 2 (1%) | 0 (0%) | 2 (1%) | 0.547 |
 Morphine | 287 | 64 (22%) | 18 (18%) | 46 (25%) | 0.224 |
 Physical disability | 287 | 20 (7%) | 5 (5%) | 15 (8%) | 0.354 |
Ventilation | |||||
 IMV | 286 | 25 (9%) | 9 (9%) | 16 (9%) | 0.848 |
 Assist-control mode | 287 | 2 (1%) | 2 (2%) | 0 (0%) | 0.118 |
 Tidal volume (mL) | 30 | 517 [420–591] | 455 [394–254] | 541 [478–642] | 0.081 |
 Tidal volume (mL/kg IPW) | 28 | 8 [7–10] | 8 [6–9] | 9 [7–10] | 0.248 |
 End-tidal CO2 mmHg | 25 | 33 [29–38] | 33 [28–38] | 31 [28–37] | 0.755 |
 FiO2 (%) | 39 | 35 [30–45] | 35 [30–48] | 35 [30–40] | 0.739 |
 Oxygen flow (L/min) | 217 | 0 [0–2] | 0 [0–2] | 0 [0–2] | 0.937 |
 SpO2 (%) | 287 | 97 [95–99] | 97 [95–99] | 97 [95–99] | 0.586 |
 Respiratory rate (bpm) | 287 | 22 [18–27] | 22 [18–28] | 22 [18–27] | 0.635 |
Intercostal retraction | 287 | 5 (2%) | 2 (2%) | 3 (2%) | > 0.99 |
Paradoxical breathing | 287 | 8 (3%) | 2 (2%) | 6 (3%) | 0.719 |
Last available blood gases | |||||
 pH | 235 | 7.43 [7.39–7.47] | 7.43 [7.40–7.47] | 7.43 [7.38–7.46] | 0.213 |
 PaO2/FiO2 ratio (mmHg) | 234 | 333 [238–417] | 333 [217–416] | 339 [250–418] | 0.664 |
 PaCO2 (mmHg) | 234 | 38 [32–44] | 36 [33–44] | 38 [32–44] | 0.741 |
 Bicarbonates (mmol/L) | 234 | 26 [23–29] | 26 [23–29] | 26 [23–29] | 0.771 |
 Lactates (mmol/L) | 234 | 1 [1–2] | 1 [1–2] | 1 [1–2] | 0.941 |
 SaO2 (%) | 235 | 96 [94–98] | 96 [94–98] | 96 [94–98] | 0.745 |
Corporeal rehabilitation care (CRC) | |||||
 Pre-evaluation time# (min) | 186 | 15 [5–30] | 10 [4–27] | 18 [7–31] | 0.122 |
 Face and forehead massage | 287 | 204 (71%) | 70 (71%) | 134 (71%) | 0.919 |
 Manicure | 287 | 61 (21%) | 19 (19%) | 42 (22%) | 0.535 |
 Pedicure | 287 | 50 (17%) | 19 (19%) | 31 (17%) | 0.566 |
 Scalp massage | 287 | 37 (13%) | 13 (13%) | 24 (13%) | 0.930 |
 Other interventions | 287 | 51 (18%) | 17 (17%) | 34 (18%) | 0.847 |
 Duration of CRC (min) | 287 | 25 [20–30] | 25 [20–30] | 25 [25–30] | 0.016 |
Direct evaluation | |||||
 Time from CRC$ (min) | 174 | 8 [3–15] | 10 [2–17] | 7 [4–15] | 0.646 |
Hemodynamics | |||||
 Heart rate (bpm) | 286 | 89 [78–101] | 84 [72–102] | 91 [80–100] | 0.105 |
 SAP (mmHg) | 286 | 128 [112–140] | 129 [111–144] | 127 [113–139] | 0.661 |
 DAP (mmHg) | 286 | 71 [62–79] | 69 [61–78] | 72 [62–81] | 0.186 |
 MAP (mmHg) | 286 | 91 [80–102] | 93 [80–101] | 91 [80–102] | 0.742 |
Comfort | |||||
 Pain score | 258 | 2 [0–5] | 3 [0–6] | 2 [0–5] | 0.223 |
 Stress score | 258 | 2 [0–5] | 1 [0–5] | 2 [0–5] | 0.555 |
 Dyspnea score | 112 | 2 [1–2] | 2 [1–2] | 2 [1–2] | 0.347 |
 Well-being score | 257 | 8 [6–10] | 7 [5–8] | 8 [6–10] | < 0.001 |
 Discomfort | 286 | 7 (2%) | 3 (3%) | 4 (2%) | 0.694 |
Change in comfort£ | |||||
 Δ1 Pain score | 256 | 0 [− 2 to 0] | 0 [0–0] | − 1 [− 3 to 0] | < 0.001 |
 Δ1 Stress score | 256 | 0 [− 2 to 0] | 0 [0–0] | − 1 [− 3 to 0] | < 0.001 |
 Δ1 Dyspnea score | 112 | 0 [− 2 to 0] | 0 [− 1 to 0] | 0 [− 2 to 0] | 0.870 |
 Δ1 Well-being score | 254 | 2 [0–4] | 0 [0–1] | 3 [1–5] | < 0.001 |
Ventilation | |||||
 Respiratory rate (bpm) | 286 | 21 [18–25] | 21 [17–26] | 21 [18–25] | 0.820 |
 Intercostal retraction | 286 | 4 (1%) | 2 (2%) | 2 (1%) | 0.609 |
 Paradoxical breathing | 286 | 2 (1%) | 1 (1%) | 1 (1%) | > 0.99 |
Patient appreciation of the CRC session | |||||
 Usefulness | 256 | 10 [8–10] | 8 [7–10] | 10 [8–10] | < 0.001 |
 Satisfaction | 256 | 10 [8–10] | 9 [8–10] | 10 [8–10] | 0.002 |
 Patient’s wish to renew care | 260 | 249 (96%) | 68 (94%) | 181 (96%) | 0.503 |
Remote assessment | |||||
 Time from CRC$$ (min) | 131 | 71 [57–93] | 63 [50–94] | 72 [60–94] | 0.165 |
Hemodynamics | |||||
 Heart rate (bpm) | 224 | 89 [79–100] | 86 [76–100] | 90 [80–100] | 0.379 |
 SAP (mmHg) | 224 | 125 [112–138] | 123 [109–134] | 126 [113–139] | 0.114 |
 DAP (mmHg) | 224 | 71 [60–80] | 67 [57–78] | 72 [61–82] | 0.005 |
 MAP (mmHg) | 224 | 90 [79–100] | 86 [77–97] | 91 [81–102] | 0.035 |
 Discomfort | 223 | 10 (5%) | 2 (3%) | 8 (5%) | 0.728 |
Comfort | |||||
 Δ2 Pain sore | 204 | 2 [0–5] | 0 [0–5] | 2 [0–5] | 0.752 |
 Δ2 Stress score | 203 | 0 (0–5] | 0 (0–5] | 0 (0–5] | 0.705 |
 Δ2 Dyspnea score | 111 | 2 [1–2] | 2 [1–3] | 2 [1–2] | 0.723 |
 Δ2 Well-being score | 203 | 8 [6–10] | 7 [5–9] | 8 [6–10] | 0.043 |
Change in comfort£ | |||||
 Δ2 Pain score | 202 | 0 [− 2 to 0] | 0 [0–0] | 0 [− 2 to 0] | 0.012 |
 Δ2 Stress score | 202 | 0 [− 2 to 0] | 0 [0–0] | − 1 [− 3 to 0] | < 0.001 |
 Δ2 Dyspnea score | 111 | 0 [− 1 to 0] | 0 [0–0] | 0 [− 1 to 0] | 0.673 |
 Δ2 Well-being score | 202 | 1 [0–4] | 0 [0–1] | 2 [0–4] | < 0.001 |
Ventilation | |||||
 Respiratory rate (bpm) | 224 | 21 [17–26] | 20 [17–25] | 22 [18–26] | 0.431 |
 Intercostal retraction | 223 | 2 (1%) | 1 (1%) | 1 (1%) | 0.530 |
 Paradoxical breathing | 223 | 2 (1%) | 2 (3%) | 0 (0%) | 0.98 |
Outcome | |||||
 ICU stay (days) | 287 | 6 [4–12] | 6 [4–12] | 7 [4–14] | 0.528 |
 Death at day 28 | 287 | 22 (8%) | 15 (15%) | 7 (4%) | 0.001 |