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Annals of Intensive Care

Table 1 Baseline characteristics of study patients according to the presence or absence of mottling at baseline or during the first 24 h

From: Effects of mean arterial pressure target on mottling and arterial lactate normalization in patients with septic shock: a post hoc analysis of the SEPSISPAM randomized trial

Characteristic

No mottling

n = 451

Mottling

n = 296

p-value

Age—years

65 [54–75]

69 [58–78]

0.002

Male sex

302 [67]

201 [67]

0.81

SAPS II

53 [43–63]

63 [50–77]

< 0.0001

SOFA

10 [8–12]

11 [9–13]

< 0.0001

Pre-existing condition—no (%)

   

 Ischemic heart disease

35 [8]

43 [14]

0.003

 Chronic heart failure

55 [12]

53 [18]

0.03

 COPD

63 [14]

39 [13]

0.83

 Chronic kidney disease

49 [11]

42 [14]

0.21

 Cirrhosis

29 [6]

23 [8]

0.56

 Chronic arterial hypertension

208 [46]

166 [57]

0.008

 Cancer or autoimmune disease

167 [37]

97 [33]

0.24

Source of infection—no (%)

   

 Lung

252 [56]

136 [46]

0.009

 Abdomen

60 [13]

66 [22]

0.001

 Urinary tract

59 [13]

26 [9]

0.08

 Others

80 [18]

68 [23]

0.09

Community-acquired infection—no (%)

296 [66]

199 [67]

0.69

Hemodynamic and biochemical variable

   

Mean arterial pressure -mmHg

74 [65–83]

71 [61–81]

0.01

Heart rate—beats/min

100 [81–117]

107 [88–126]

< 0.0001

Arterial pH

7.34 [7.28–7.39]

7 .25 [7.15–7.35]

< 0.0001

Serum lactate level—mmol/L

2 [1.3–3.1]

3.2 [1.8–5.4]

< 0.0001

Fluid therapy before inclusion—mL

2500 [2000–3250]

3000 [2500–4000]

< 0.0001

Vasoactive drug infusions at randomization—no (%)

   

Norepinephrine

434 [96]

274 [93]

0.04

Dobutamine

21 [5]

20 [7]

0.25

Epinephrine

18 [4]

36 [12]

0.0004

Median vasopressor dose at randomization—µg/kg/min

   

Norepinephrine

0.32 [0.2–0.52]

0.44 [0.22–0.84]

0.0004

Epinephrine

0.34 [0.16–0.57]

0.21 [0.14–0.5]

0.35

Mechanical ventilation—no (%)

317 [70]

253 [85]

< 0.0001

PaO2/FiO2 ratio -mmHg

178 [122–267]

158 [90–245]

0.0098

Acute kidney injury—no (%)

175 [39]

169 [57]

< 0.0001

  1. Patients in the “no mottling” group had no mottling during the first 24 h of septic shock. Patients in the mottling group had mottling for at least 2 h during the first 24 h of septic shock
  2. COPD: chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
  3. Values are represented as median [interquartile range]. The target mean arterial pressure was 80 to 85 mmHg in the high-target group and 65 to 70 mmHg in the low-target group
  4. The Simplified Acute Physiology Score (SAPS) II is based on 17 variables and scores range from 0 to 163, with a higher score indicating a more severe disease
  5. The score on the Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) includes sub-scores ranging from 0 to 4 for each of five components (circulation, lungs, liver, kidneys and coagulation). Aggregated scores range from 0 to 20, with higher scores indicating more severe organ failure
  6. Others sources of infection included blood, soft tissue, skin, central venous system, bones and joints, cardiac system, reproductive organs and unknown sources
  7. Acute kidney injury was defined as a renal SOFA score of 2 or more (plasma creatinine level > 1.9 mg/dL (168 µmol/L) or urinary output, < 500 mL per day)
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