Table 1 Baseline characteristics and outcomes of study patients
Variables | Missing values | Standard care group | Multiple site decontamination group | p value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
n = 372 | n = 89 | |||
Age, year | 0 | 68 [61–73] | 62 [55–71] | 0.002 |
Male—no. (%) | 0 | 279 (75.0) | 62 (69.7) | 0.370 |
Body masse index, kg/m2 | 0 | 28.76 [25.38–32.16] | 27.46 [24.39–31.40] | 0.026 |
Comorbidities | ||||
Chronic heart failure—no. (%) | 0 | 60 (16.1) | 13 (14.6) | 0.848 |
Chronic respiratory disease—no. (%) | 0 | 76 (20.4) | 11 (12.4) | 0.110 |
Chronic renal failure—no. (%) | 0 | 35 (9.4) | 5 (5.6) | 0.352 |
Cirrhosis—no. (%) | 0 | 16 (4.3) | 7 (7.9) | 0.264 |
Cancer—no. (%) | 0 | 53 (14.2) | 12 (13.5) | 0.987 |
Immunodepression—no. (%) | 0 | 57 (15.3) | 9 (10.1) | 0.275 |
Diabetes—no. (%) | 0 | 105 (28.2) | 24 (27.0) | 0.915 |
Hypertension—no. (%) | 0 | 186 (50.0) | 41 (46.1) | 0.583 |
Period of admission | 0 | < 0.001 | ||
Spring–Summer 2020—no. (%) | 171 (46.0) | 39 (43.8) | ||
Fall–Winter 2020—no. (%) | 179 (48.1) | 28 (31.5) | ||
Spring–Summer 2021—no. (%) | 6 (1.6) | 10 (11.2) | ||
Fall–Winter 2021—no. (%) | 16 (4.3) | 12 (13.5) | ||
Inter-hospital transport—no. (%) | 0 | 114 (30.6) | 24 (27.0) | 0.581 |
Localization before ICU admission | 0 | 0.408 | ||
Emergency ward—no. (%) | 160 (43.0) | 44 (49.4) | ||
Acute care ward—no. (%) | 183 (49.2) | 42 (47.2) | ||
Home—no. (%) | 23 (6.2) | 2 (2.2) | ||
Simplified acute physiology score II | 46 | 37 [30–45] | 35 [27–45] | 0.334 |
Bacterial co-infection at admission—no. (%) | 7 | 30 (8.2) | 9 (10.2) | 0.690 |
Biological parameters at admission | ||||
Leucocytes × 109/L | 54 | 8.40 [6.17–10.96] | 9.20 [6.15–10.95] | 0.741 |
Lymphocytes × 109/L | 109 | 0.72 [0.52–1.00] | 0.62 [0.46–0.87] | 0.111 |
Platelets × 109/L | 51 | 217.00 [162.00–270.50] | 213.00 [167.50–288.50] | 0.475 |
Creatinine, µg/L | 53 | 78.00 [65.00–106.00] | 78.50 [63.25–101.00] | 0.681 |
Serum C-reactive protein, mg/mL | 192 | 140.00 [83.00–226.00] | 139.50 [100.75–245.00] | 0.625 |
Fibrinogene, g/L | 173 | 6.70 [5.61–7.76] | 6.90 [6.02–7.90] | 0.334 |
PaO2/FiO2 ratio, mmHg | 65 | 100.00 [65.00–135.85] | 100.00 [80.00–157.78] | 0.088 |
Early management | ||||
High flow oxygenation before intubation—no. (%) | 0 | 206 (55.4) | 46 (51.7) | 0.610 |
Systemic antibiotic at admission—no. (%) | 6 | 302 (82.3) | 82 (93.2) | 0.018 |
Time from hospital admission to intubation, days | 0 | 0.00 [0.00–1.00] | 0.00 [0.00–2.00] | 0.967 |
Antiviral agents—no. (%) | 7 | 107 (29.2) | 33 (37.5) | 0.168 |
Steroids—no. (%) | 7 | 256 (68.8) | 63 (70.8) | 0.82 |
Outcomes | ||||
ICU acquired infection– no. (%) | 0 | 220 (59.1) | 29 (32.5) | < 0.001 |
Ventilator-associated pneumonia—no. (%) | 0 | 212 (57.0) | 26 (29.2) | < 0.001 |
Bloodstream infection—no. (%) | 0 | 48 (12.9) | 8 (9.0) | 0.404 |
Length of mechanical ventilation, days | 0 | 15.00 [8.00–26.00] | 16.00 [8.50–24.00] | 0.971 |
Length of stay, days | 0 | 19.00 [12.00–30.25] | 20.00 [12.00–30.00] | 0.928 |
Hospital death—no. (%) | 0 | 112 (30.1) | 15 (16.9) | 0.017 |