Table 1 In vitro activity of novel β-lactam/β-lactamase inhibitor combinations and cefiderocol against carbapenem-resistant Gram-negative bacteria
Main mechanisms of carbapenem resistance | Enterobacterales | Pseudomonas aeruginosa | Acinetobacter baumannii | Stenotrophomonas maltophilia | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Class A carbapenemase (KPC) | Class D carbapenemase (OXA-48-likea) | Class B carbapenemase (MBLb) | OprD2 mutation Effluxc MBLd | OXAe | Chromosomal MBL | |
Ceftolozane–tazobactam | – | – | – | +++ 75%-90% f | –g | –g |
Ceftazidime–avibactam | +++ 96%-99% | +++ 96%-99% | – | ++ 60%-70% | –g | –g |
Ceftazidime–avibactam plus aztreonam | +++ 96–99% | +++ 96%-99% | +++ > 90% | ± (MBL) 0–25% | –g | ++h ~ 85% |
Meropenem–vaborbactam | +++ 95–99% | – | – | – | – | –g |
Imipenem–relebactam | +++ 88%-95% | ± | – | ++ 70%-90% | – | –g |
Cefiderocol | +++ 84–91% | +++ 88–93% | ++ VIM: 79%-81% NDM: 41%-51% | +++ > 90% | +++i MIC ≤ 2 mg/L for > 90% of isolates | +++i MIC ≤ 2 mg/L for > 90% of isolates |