Skip to main content
Annals of Intensive Care

Table 1 Baseline characteristics

From: Long-term survival after intensive care for COVID-19: a nationwide cohort study of more than 8000 patients

 

All

Women

Men

P-value

Patient demographics, characteristics and comorbidities at ICU admission

 No. (%)

8392

2509 (29.9)

5883 (70.1)

 

 Age, median (IQR), y

63 (53–72)

63 (51–72)

63 (54–72)

0.003

 Age, Interval, y

  < 40

670 (8)

293 (11.7)

377 (6.4)

< 0.001

  40–49

900 (10.7)

282 (11.2)

618 (10.5)

  50–59

1768 (21.1)

483 (19.3)

1285 (21.8)

  60–69

2392 (28.5)

651 (25.9)

1741 (29.6)

  70–79

2151 (25.6)

646 (25.7)

1505 (25.6)

  ≥ 80

511 (6.1)

154 (6.1)

357 (6.1)

 Admission perioda

  Wave 1

2428 (28.9)

649 (25.9)

1779 (30.2)

< 0.001

  Wave 2

2104 (25.1)

617 (24.6)

1487 (25.3)

  Wave 3

3235 (38.5)

1021 (40.7)

2214 (37.6)

  Wave 4

625 (7.4)

222 (8.8)

403 (6.9)

 Location before ICU admission

  Emergency department

1981 (23.6)

548 (21.8)

1433 (24.4)

0.014

  Hospital floor

6409 (76.4)

1960 (78.1)

4449 (75.6)

 Time from symptom to ICU admission, d

  Median (IQR)

10 (7–13)

10 (7–12)

10 (7–13)

< 0.001

 Hospital level

  Tertiary

2840 (33.8)

815 (32.5)

2025 (34.4)

0.068

  County

4349 (51.8)

1305 (52)

3044 (51.7)

  Local

1203 (14.3)

389 (15.5)

814 (13.8)

 Days at hospital before ICU admission, d

  No. with data

8284

2464

5820

 

  Median (IQR)

2 (0–4)

2 (0–4)

2 (0–4)

0.570

  Pregnant, No. (%)

78 (0.9)

78 (3.1)

0 (0)

< 0.001

 Comorbidities

  None

2527 (30.1)

705 (28.1)

1822 (31.0)

0.009

  One or more

5865 (69.9)

1804 (71.9)

4061 (69.0)

0.009

  Chronic hypertension

3717 (44.3)

1039 (41.4)

2678 (45.5)

0.001

  Chronic cardiac disease

1363 (16.2)

299 (11.9)

1064 (18.1)

< 0.001

  COPD/Asthma

1464 (17.4)

604 (24.1)

860 (14.6)

< 0.001

  Immune deficiency

760 (9.1)

300 (12.0)

460 (7.8)

< 0.001

  Chronic liver disease

79 (0.9)

29 (1.2)

50 (0.8)

0.228

  Chronic kidney disease

526 (6.3)

152 (6.1)

374 (6.4)

0.640

  Diabetes

2102 (25.0)

602 (24.0)

1500 (25.5)

0.153

  Neuromuscular disease

162 (1.9)

61 (2.4)

101 (1.7)

0.037

  Morbid obesityb

702 (8.4)

314 (12.5)

388 (6.6)

< 0.001

  Malignancyc, No./total (%)

205/8284 (2.5)

59/2464 (2.4)

146/5820 (2.5)

0.819

Treatment and vital signs at ICU admission (within 1 h before until 1 h after admission)

 Vasopressor on admission, No./total (%)

353/8284 (4.3)

94/2464 (3.8)

259/5820 (4.5)

0.212

 Feverd, No./total (%)

2386/7876 (30.3)

652/2340 (27.9)

1734/5536 (31.3)

0.002

 Glasgow coma scale

  No. with data

3372

979

2393

 

  Median (IQR)

15 (14–15)

15 (14–15)

15 (14–15)

0.012

 Systolic blood pressure, mmHg

  No. with data

8036

2382

5654

 

  Median (IQR)

120 (104–140)

120 (100–136)

120 (105–140)

< 0.001

 Heart rate, beats/min

  No. with data

8117

2410

5707

 

  Median (IQR)

92 (80–109)

93 (80–110)

91 (80–108)

0.204

 PaO2, kPa

  No. with data

7637

2267

5370

 

  Median (IQR)

8.8 (7.6–10.2)

8.7 (7.6–10.1)

8.8 (7.7–10.3)

0.090

 FiO2, %

  No. with data

5723

1725

3998

 

  Median (IQR)

75 (60–90)

75 (60–90)

76 (60–90)

0.615

 PaO2/FiO2 ratio, kPa

  No. with data

5672

1710

3962

 

  Median (IQR)

12.1 (9.3–16.2)

12 (9.2–16.17)

12.2 (9.4–16.3)

0.329

 White blood cell count, × 109/L

  No. with data

7622

2270

5652

 

  Median (IQR)

9 (6.5–12.4)

8.8 (6.3–12.4)

9.1 (6.7–12.3)

0.009

 pH

  No. with data

7922

2352

5570

 

  Median (IQR)

7.45 (7.40–7.48)

7.44 (7.39–7.48)

7.45 (7.4–7.48)

< 0.001

 Creatinine, mg/dL

  No. with data

7645

2272

5373

 

  Median (IQR)

72 (57–96)

58 (46–79)

77 (63–101)

< 0.001

 Bilirubin, mg/dL

  No. with data

7393

2205

5188

 

  Median (IQR)

9 (6–12)

7 (5–10)

9 (7–13)

< 0.001

 SAPS 3 at admission, median (IQR)

  No. with data

8284

2464

5820

 

  Median (IQR)

55 (49–62)

55 (49–62)

55 (49–62)

0.313

  Predicted risk of death, median (IQR), %

0.26 (0.16–0.4)

0.26 (0.16–0.4)

0.26 (0.16–0.4)

0.313

  1. IQR interquartile range, y years, d days, ICU intensive care unit, COPD chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, PaO2 arterial partial pressure of oxygen, FiO2 fraction of inspired oxygen, SAPS simplified acute physiology score
  2. aWave 1, 200306-200830; Wave 2, 200901-210131; Wave 3, 210201-211130; Wave 4, 211201-220812
  3. bMorbid obesity is defined as a body mass index above 40 kg/m2
  4. cMalignancy is defined as neoplasia spread beyond regional lymph nodes
  5. dBody temperature above 38 °C
Back to article page