Fig. 10

Pulmonary venous flow patterns. a Normal systolic dominant flow pattern with a low velocity and short duration of flow reversal during atrial systole (Ar). b Blunting of systolic flow (S) with dominant diastolic flow (D) and a higher velocity and increased duration of Ar, indicative of raised left atrial pressure. c Systolic flow reversal (S) suggestive of severe MR or severely elevated left atrial pressure