Table 2 Markers of edema, inflammatory and endothelial biomarkers, microcirculation variables, ICU scores, and data on fluid homeostasis postoperatively based on the classification in high Ang-2 and low Ang-2 patients

Markers of Edema

ECW [L]

 Postop

24 ± 5.6

26.6 ± 7.1

P < 0.001

 POD1

27.4 ± 6.6

30.4 ± 8.1

P < 0.001

 POD2

28.7 ± 6.5

31 ± 8.4

P = 0.033

 POD3

28 ± 7

31.9 ± 9.2

P = 0.005

Phase angle [AU]

 Postop

4.7 ± 1.2

4 ± 1

P < 0.001

 POD1

4.2 ± 1

3.6 ± 1.2

P < 0.001

 POD2

3.9 ± 1.1

3.7 ± 1.4

P = 0.398

 POD3

3.6 ± 1

3.5 ± 2

P = 0.784

Echogenicity [AU]

 Postop

18.7 ± 3.6

18.8 ± 3.8

P = 0.348

 POD1

18.7 ± 3.7

19.3 ± 3.8

P = 0.115

 POD2

19 ± 3.9

21 ± 5.6

P = 0.002

 POD3

19.3 ± 3.9

20.9 ± 5.6

P = 0.044

Markers of Inflammation

Interleukin-6 [ng/L]

 Postop

1127 ± 2727

2405 ± 4673

P = 0.001

 POD1

316 ± 467

628 ± 739

P < 0.001

 POD2

278 ± 973

336 ± 519

P = 0.655

 POD3

201 ± 1041

1555 ± 8734

P = 0.131

Interleukin-8 [ng/L]

 Postop

279 ± 1675

368 ± 473

P = 0.6

 POD1

61 ± 65

195 ± 304

P < 0.001

 POD2

69 ± 317

126 ± 260

P = 0.199

 POD3

42 ± 55

341 ± 1584

P = 0.063

C-reactive Protein [mg/dL]

 Postop

21 ± 24

60 ± 82

P = 0.032

 POD1

73 ± 32

91 ± 49

P = 0.001

 POD2

189 ± 64

217 ± 70

P = 0.004

 POD3

209 ± 80

232 ± 79

P = 0.084

Microcirculation

Microvascular Flow Index (MFI)

 Postop

2.8 ± 0.3

2.7 ± 0.4

P = 0.071

 POD1

2.7 ± 0.3

2.8 ± 0.3

P = 0.673

 POD2

2.7 ± 0.3

2.8 ± 0.3

P = 0.424

 POD3

2.8 ± 0.3

2.9 ± 0.3

P = 0.146

Perfused Vessel Density (PVD, mm/mm²)

 Postop

5.9 ± 2.4

6.3 ± 2.8

P = 0.152

 POD1

5.3 ± 2.3

5.7 ± 2.4

P = 0.12

 POD2

5.4 ± 2.6

5.9 ± 2.5

P = 0.242

 POD3

5.9 ± 2.4

6.2 ± 2.2

P = 0.457

Biomarkers

sVE-Cadherin [ng/mL]

 Postop

2.08 ± 0.44

2.28 ± 0.58

P < 0.001

 POD1

2.09 ± 0.39

2.33 ± 0.49

P < 0.001

 POD2

2.07 ± 0.37

2.3 ± 0.42

P < 0.001

 POD3

2.05 ± 0.35

2.22 ± 0.46

P = 0.008

Syndecan-1 [ng/mL]

 Postop

307 ± 314

433 ± 428

P = 0.002

 POD1

208 ± 157

355 ± 485

P < 0.001

 POD2

214 ± 158

406 ± 465

P < 0.001

 POD3

226 ± 170

597 ± 819

P < 0.001

sICAM-1 [ng/mL]

 Postop

234 ± 97

297 ± 311

P = 0.002

 POD1

289 ± 158

342 ± 103

P = 0.002

 POD2

317 ± 110

393 ± 119

P < 0.001

 POD3

344 ± 119

439 ± 178

P < 0.001

Lactate [mmol/L]

 Postop

3.3 ± 2.6

4.8 ± 2.9

P < 0.001

 POD1

2 ± 1.7

2.8 ± 2.4

P < 0.001

 POD2

1.3 ± 1

1.6 ± 1.1

P = 0.015

 POD3

1.1 ± 0.5

1.6 ± 1.7

P = 0.003

ICU Scores

SAPS-II

 Postop

38 ± 15

45 ± 14

P < 0.001

 POD1

21 ± 15

34 ± 19

P < 0.001

 POD2

22 ± 14

35 ± 19

P < 0.001

 POD3

22 ± 14

37 ± 18

P < 0.001

SOFA

 Postop

9 ± 3

10 ± 3

P < 0.001

 POD1

7 ± 3

9 ± 3

P < 0.001

 POD2

7 ± 3

9 ± 3

P < 0.001

 POD3

7 ± 3

10 ± 3

P < 0.001

Fluids

Fluid input [mL]

 POD1

1075 ± 772

1054 ± 698

P = 0.815

 POD2

888 ± 653

923 ± 1100

P = 0.745

 POD3

834 ± 595

740 ± 482

P = 0.273

Output [mL]

 POD1

607 ± 504

718 ± 657

P = 0.078

 POD2

572 ± 507

696 ± 686

P = 0.103

 POD3

741 ± 591

705 ± 619

P = 0.698