Table 1 Patient characteristics and ICU management in the whole population
Variables | No lumbar puncture (n = 174) | Lumbar puncture (n = 88) | p value |
|---|---|---|---|
Demographic characteristics | |||
Age (years) | 65 (53–77) | 59 (49–74) | 0.25 |
Male gender, n (%) | 97 (56) | 57 (65) | 0.20 |
Underlying conditions | |||
Smokers, n (%) | 89 (51) | 43 (49) | 0.83 |
Alcohol abuse, n (%) | 35 (20) | 31 (35) | 0.01 |
Obesity, n (%) | 16 (9) | 7 (8) | 0.74 |
Diabetes mellitus, n (%) | 21 (12) | 11 (12) | 0.92 |
Asplenia, n (%) | 3 (2) | 1 (1) | 0.87 |
Human immunodeficiency virus, n (%) | 8 (5) | 8 (9) | 0.24 |
Immunosuppressive treatments, n (%) | 31 (18) | 7 (8) | 0.03 |
Pneumococcal vaccination, n (%) | 4 (2) | 2 (2) | 0.67 |
Clinical characteristics in ICU | |||
SAPS-2 score | 47 (35–69) | 62 (42–81) | < 0.01 |
SOFA score on ICU admission | 5 (3–9) | 7 (5–12) | < 0.001 |
Charlson score | 1 (0–3) | 1 (0–3) | 0.72 |
Body mass index (kg/m2) | 22 (20–26) | 24 (20–27) | 0.83 |
Glasgow coma scale on ICU admission | 15 (14–15) | 11 (3–15) | < 0.0001 |
Neurological deficits on ICU admission, n (%) | 5 (3) | 18 (20) | < 0.0001 |
Pneumococcal antibiotherapy prior to ICU admission, n (%) | 86 (49) | 38 (43) | 0.41 |
Septic shock, n (%) | 38 (22) | 40 (45) | < 0.001 |
ARDS, n (%) | 82 (47) | 73 (83) | < 0.001 |
Biological variables on ICU admission | |||
Leukocytes (× 109/L) | 12.9 (7.7–18.6) | 11.9 (5.1–17.1) | 0.17 |
Lymphocytes (× 109/L) | 0.6 (0.3–1.0) | 0.7 (0.4–1.1) | 0.43 |
CD4 (× 109/L)* | 267 (43–430) | 31 (14–60) | 0.31 |
Platelets (× 109/L) | 201 (137–265) | 185 (107–257) | 0.23 |
Procalcitonin (ng/L) | 10.2 (1.9–47.6) | 10.6 (0.8–25.9) | 0.49 |
Arterial blood lactate level (mmol/L) | 2.1 (1.3–3.3) | 2.2 (1.5–3.5) | 0.57 |
Microbiological diagnosis | |||
Positive urinary antigen, n (%) | 141 (81) | 73 (83) | 0.83 |
Positive urinary antigen only, n (%) | 69 (40) | 16 (18) | < 0.001 |
Positive respiratory samples (%) | 79 (45) | 62 (70) | < 0.001 |
Positive blood culture, n (%) | 49 (28) | 32 (36) | 0.22 |
Management during ICU stay | |||
Intubation, n (%) | 82 (47) | 73 (83) | < 0.0001 |
Renal replacement therapy, n (%) | 28 (16) | 15 (17) | 0.84 |
Neurological disorders, n (%) | 12 (7) | 26 (30) | < 0.0001 |
Ventilator-associated pneumonia, n (%) | 20 (11) | 20 (23) | 0.03 |
Duration of invasive mechanical ventilation (days) | 8 (5–13) | 9 (6–20) | 0.10 |
ICU length of stay (days) | 4 (2–8) | 10 (6–23) | < 0.0001 |