Table 2 Patient characteristics and ICU management according to the diagnosis of meningitis
Variables | No meningitis (n = 74) | Meningitis (n = 14) | p value |
|---|---|---|---|
Demographic characteristics | |||
Age (years) | 60 (50–74) | 55 (48–70) | 0.57 |
Male gender, n (%) | 50 (68) | 7 (50) | 0.34 |
Underlying conditions | |||
Smokers, n (%) | 39 (53) | 4 (29) | 0.17 |
Alcohol abuse, n (%) | 27 (36) | 4 (29) | 0.79 |
Obesity, n (%) | 6 (8) | 1 (7) | 1.00 |
Diabetes mellitus, n (%) | 11 (15) | 0 (0) | 0.27 |
Asplenia, n (%) | 1 (1) | 0 (0) | 0.35 |
Human immunodeficiency virus, n (%) | 4 (5) | 4 (29) | 0.02 |
Immunosuppressive treatments, n (%) | 7 (9) | 0 (0) | 0.58 |
Pneumococcal vaccination, n (%) | 2 (3) | 0 (0) | 0.72 |
Clinical characteristics in ICU | |||
SAPS-2 score | 64 (42–81) | 50 (30–81) | 0.54 |
SOFA score on ICU admission | 7 (5–12) | 7 (4–14) | 0.58 |
Charlson score | 1 (0–3) | 0 (0–5) | 0.85 |
Body mass index (kg/m2) | 23 (20–27) | 25 (21–27) | 0.69 |
Glasgow coma scale on ICU admission | 12 (3–15) | 9 (3–14) | 0.31 |
Neurological deficits on ICU admission, n (%) | 12 (16) | 6 (43) | 0.03 |
Septic shock, n (%) | 35 (47) | 5 (36) | 0.61 |
ARDS, n (%) | 63 (85) | 10 (71) | 0.25 |
Biological variables on ICU admission | |||
Leukocytes (× 109/L) | 12.2 (5.0–7.1) | 9.5 (6.6–20.6) | 0.69 |
Lymphocytes (× 109/L) | 0.7 (0.4–1.1) | 0.5 (0.3–0.9) | 0.62 |
CD4 (× 109/L)* | 226 (113–338) | 31 (22–45) | N/A |
Platelets (× 109/L) | 184 (108–256) | 197 (105–304) | 0.80 |
Procalcitonin (ng/L) | 9.9 (0.7–26.6) | 11.2 (1.9–20.2) | 0.69 |
Arterial blood lactate level (mmol/L) | 2.0 (1.5–3.3) | 2.7 (1.6–4.0) | 0.53 |
Microbiological diagnosis | |||
Positive urinary antigen, n (%) | 62 (84) | 11 (79) | 0.93 |
Positive urinary antigen only, n (%) | 15 (20) | 1 (7) | 0.43 |
Positive respiratory samples (%) | 53 (72) | 9 (64) | 0.82 |
Positive blood culture, n (%) | 22 (30) | 10 (71) | < 0.01 |
Management during ICU stay | |||
Delay from ICU admission to lumbar puncture (h) | 12 (3–24) | 5 (1–21) | 0.25 |
Pneumococcal antibiotherapy prior to lumbar puncture, n (%) | 69 (93) | 12 (86) | 0.31 |
Intubation, n (%) | 63 (85) | 10 (71) | 0.39 |
Renal replacement therapy, n (%) | 12 (16) | 3 (21) | 0.70 |
Ventilator-associated pneumonia, n (%) | 18 (24) | 2 (14) | 0.63 |
Duration of invasive mechanical ventilation (days) | 9 (5–21) | 10 (7–15) | 0.83 |
ICU length of stay (days) | 10 (6–24) | 8 (3–17) | 0.30 |