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Annals of Intensive Care
Fig. 3 | Annals of Intensive Care

Fig. 3

From: Individual response in patient’s effort and driving pressure to variations in assistance during pressure support ventilation

Fig. 3

Patterns of response changes in pressure support (PS) level in two representative patients. Active patients react to a consistent decrease in pressure support by developing pressure by their respiratory muscles (pressure-muscle-index, PMI), hence keeping plateau pressure (Pplat) and tidal volume (Vt) relatively constant (upper left panel). On the opposite, a “quasi-passive patient” is almost passively inflated by the ventilator after opening the trigger (upper right panel). When PS is decreased, a fall in Pplat and Vt is observed. Surface electromyography (sEMG) data (lower panels) are consistent with this interpretation. ∆P, driving pressure; EADi,surf, surface electromyography of the diaphragm; Intercost,surf, surface electromyography of the intercostal muscles

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