Automated characterization of patient–ventilator interaction using surface electromyography

Annals of Intensive Care

Table 4 Patient–ventilator interaction classification results

\(P_{\hbox {es}}\) reference	Synchronous trigger	Delayed trigger	Auto-trigger	Ineffective trigger	Double trigger	Double effort	Not detected
	Triangle algorithm
Synchronous trigger	1825	328	108	1	11	2	13
Delayed trigger	66	185	2	3	20	0	1
Auto-trigger	149	43	334	0	6	0	1
Ineffective trigger	0	1	0	66	0	0	46
Double trigger	0	0	2	0	37	1	0
Double effort	0	0	0	0	0	4	2
Not detected	14	12	1	182	0	10	0
	Adaptive thresholding algorithm
Synchronous trigger	2080	154	41	1	8	1	3
Delayed trigger	149	104	1	2	18	1	2
Auto-trigger	225	38	268	0	1	0	1
Ineffective trigger	0	2	0	72	0	0	39
Double trigger	0	1	1	0	38	0	0
Double effort	0	0	0	0	0	5	1
Not detected	8	3	1	474	0	19	0

Each row in the table represents the reference events based on manual annotations in \(P_{\textrm{es}}\) and each column provides the asynchrony events based on automated \(\textrm{sEMG}\) detection