Table 1 Characteristics of Long Stay ICU Patients According to Baseline Frailty
From: Long-stay ICU patients with frailty: mortality and recovery outcomes at 6 months
n = 531 | CFS 1–2 n = 153 | CFS 3–4 n = 200 | CFS ≥ 5 n = 178 | p |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Sex, male, n (%) | 99 (64.7%) | 135 (67.5%) | 121 (68%) | 0.8 |
Age (years), median (IQR) | 47 (36–59) | 61 (51–71) | 64 (56–72) | < 0.01 |
BMI (kg/m2), median (IQR) | 24.5 (22.5–26.9) | 25.9 (23.1–29.3) | 25.8 (23.4–29.3) | < 0.01 |
Source of admission, n (%) | < 0.01 | |||
Emergency department | 119 (77.8%) | 118 (59%) | 76 (42.7%) | |
Ward | 19 (12.4%) | 43 (21.5%) | 63 (35.4%) | |
Other hospital | 7 (4.6%) | 6 (3%) | 12 (6.7%) | |
Intermediate care unit | 8 (5.2%) | 33 (16.5%) | 27 (15.2%) | |
Admitting diagnosis | < 0.01 | |||
Respiratory failure | 19 (12.4%) | 17 (8.5%) | 9 (5.1%) | |
Neurological disease | 36 (23.5%) | 36 (18%) | 21 (11.8%) | |
Sepsis | 2 (1.3%) | 8 (4%) | 9 (5.1%) | |
Cardiovascular disease | 19 (12.4%) | 35 (17.5%) | 42 (23.6%) | |
Gastrointestinal disease | 45 (29.4%) | 45 (22.5%) | 45 (25.3%) | |
Others | 32 (20.9% | 59 (29.5%) | 52 (29.2%) | |
Charlson comorbidity index, median (IQR) | 1 (0–2) | 3 (1–5) | 4 (3–6) | < 0.01 |
Past medical history of any psychiatric disorder1, n (%) | 17 (11.1%) | 42 (21%) | 42 (23.7%) | 0.01 |
APACHEII on ICU admission, median (IQR) | 26 (21–30) | 29 (24–34) | 30.5 (26–36) | < 0.01 |
SAPSII on ICU admission, median (IQR) | 55 (45–62) | 61 (51–72) | 65 (53–76) | < 0.01 |
SOFA on ICU admission, median (IQR) | 8 (5–11) | 9 (7–13) | 10 (7–12) | < 0.01 |
Intubation, n (%) | 142 (93.4%) | 192 (96%) | 156 (87.6%) | < 0.01 |
Time under MV (days), median (IQR) | 9 (5–13) | 9 (5–15) | 8 (4–13) | 0.2 |
Need for tracheotomy, n (%) | 28 (18.4%) | 36 (18%) | 28 (15.7%) | 0.8 |
Dialysis during ICU stay, n (%) | 15 (9.9%) | 39 (19.5%) | 44 (24.9%) | < 0.01 |
ECMO during ICU stay, n (%) | 15 (9.9%) | 27 (13.5%) | 16 (9%) | 0.4 |
Nosocomial infection during ICU stay, n (%) | 51 (33.3%) | 70 (35%) | 60 (33.7%) | 0.9 |
Pressure soar during ICU stay, n (%) | 37 (24.3%) | 58 (29.2%) | 73 (41%) | < 0.01 |
Organ insufficiency during ICU stay, n (%) | < 0.01 | |||
Cardiac | 11 (7.2%) | 17 (8.5) | 19 (19.7%) | |
Respiratory | 30 (19.6%) | 44 (22%) | 39 (21.9%) | |
Renal | 37 (24.2%) | 56 (28%) | 73 (31%) | |
Hepatic | 11 (7.2%) | 13 (6.5%) | 14 (7.9%) | |
Neurological | 4 (2.6%) | 11 (5.5%) | 11 (6.2%) | |
Delirium2 during ICU stay, n(%) | 41 (27%) | 69 (34.5%) | 51 (28.7%) | 0.3 |
ICU LOS (days), median (IQR) | 14 (11–20) | 15 (10–22) | 15 (11–19) | 0.9 |
Readmission to ICU after first ICU discharge, n (%) | 14 (9.2%) | 25 (12.5%) | 31 (17.4%) | 0.4 |
Hospital LOS (days), median (IQR) | 30 (21–43) | 34 (23–58) | 37 (22–62) | 0.04 |
Rehabilitation center post ICU, n (%) | 80 (58.8%) | 96 (56.8%) | 74 (52.9%) | 0.6 |
Death at 6 months, n (%) | 20 (13.1%) | 42 (21%) | 61 (34.3%) | < 0.01 |
Place of death: ICU, n (%) | 12 (60%) | 22 (52.4%) | 27 (44.3%) | 0.8 |
Decision to WD/WH preceding death, n (%) | 16 (84.2%) | 31 (72.1%) | 53 (86.9%) | 0.1 |
Place of the decision to WD or WH, n (%) | < 0.01 | |||
WD/WH in the ICU | 10 (62.5%) | 13 (41.9%) | 11 (20.8%) | |
WD/WH after ICU discharge | 6 (37.5%) | 18 (58.1%) | 42 (79.3%) |