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Annals of Intensive Care

Table 4 Unadjusted and adjusted association with favourable neurological outcome at hospital discharge

From: Association between pupillary examinations and prognosis in patients with out-of-hospital cardiac arrest who underwent extracorporeal cardiopulmonary resuscitation: a retrospective multicentre cohort study

 

Univariate analysis

 

Multivariable analysisa

 

OR

(95%CI)

P value

 

OR

(95%CI)

P value

Positive PLR at ICU admissionb

10.28

(5.77–19.55)

< 0.001

 

11.3

(5.17–24.7)

< 0.001

Normal pupil diameter at ICU admissionc

2.56

(1.49–4.63)

0.001

 

1.10

(0.52–2.32)

0.80

Age

0.98

(0.96–1.0)

0.032

 

0.98

(0.96–0.99)

0.063

Sex, male

0.44

(0.26–0.77)

0.003

 

0.47

(0.26–0.87)

0.016

Shockable rhythm on arrest

3.18

(1.58–7.30)

0.002

 

2.95

(1.36–6.44)

0.006

Witnessed cardiac arrest

2.05

(1.0–4.50)

0.052

 

1.56

(0.74–3.30)

0.24

Bystander CPR

1.52

(0.91–2.60)

0.11

 

1.28

(0.87–1.88)

0.21

Estimated low flow timed

0.98

(0.96–1.0)

0.014

 

0.99

(0.97–1.01)

0.348

Prehospital epinephrine administration

0.40

(0.21–0.71)

0.003

 

0.54

(0.32–0.91)

0.021

Drug administration at ICU admissione

       

 Vasopressorsf

0.57

(0.33–0.95)

0.036

 

0.59

(0.36–0.98)

0.042

 Sedativesg

3.68

(2.09–6.87)

< 0.001

 

1.70

(0.98–2.95)

0.057

 Analgesicsh

3.50

(2.06–6.17)

< 0.001

 

1.83

(0.92–3.66)

0.084

  1. OR: odds ratio; CI: confidence interval; CPR: cardiopulmonary resuscitation; PLR: pupillary light reflex; ICU: intensive care unit
  2. a Adjusted OR are derived from logistic regression models adjusted for age, gender, witnessed cardiac arrest, bystander CPR, shockable rhythm on arrest, estimated low flow time, prehospital epinephrine administration, positive PLR at ICU admission, normal pupil diameter at ICU admission, vasopressors administration at ICU admission, sedatives administration at ICU admission, analgesics administration at ICU admission and and clustering within institutions
  3. b Positive PLR at ICU admission refers to both pupils exhibiting a positive PLR at ICU admission
  4. c Normal pupil diameter at ICU admission indicates that both pupil diameters are of normal size at ICU admission
  5. d Estimated low flow time is defined as the time from cardiac arrest to the establishment of ECMO if the location of cardiac arrest is ambulance and the time from calling an ambulance to the establishment of ECMO if the location of cardiac arrest is other than ambulance
  6. e Drug administration at ICU admission pertains to drugs administered to patients upon their admission to the ICU
  7. f Vasopressors include noradrenaline, dobutamine, dopamine, and adrenaline
  8. g Sedatives include propofol, midazolam, and dexmedetomidine
  9. h Analgesics include fentanyl, and morphine
  10. Missing data: Age = 0, Male = 0, Shockable rhythm on arrest = 0, Witnessed cardiac arrest = 1, Bystander CPR = 5, Estimated low flow time = 24, Prehospital epinephrine administration = 7, Positive PLR at ICU admission = 0, Normal pupil diameter at ICU admission = 0, Vasopressors = 22, Sedatives = 20, Analgesics = 11
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