Table 1 Baseline characteristics according to baseline lactate status measured just before randomization
Variable | N | Total population | N | Hyperlactatamia | N | Normolactatemia | p-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Delay Implantation-Randomization (min) | 318 | 190 (104–278) | 252 | 192 (100–272) | 66 | 182 (105–286) | 0.98 |
Normothermia group (%) | 318 | 158 (50%) | 252 | 124 (49%) | 66 | 34 (52%) | 0.74 |
Hypothermia group (%) | 318 | 160 (50%) | 252 | 128 (51%) | 66 | 32 (48%) | |
Demographics | |||||||
Age (years) | 318 | 60 (50–66) | 252 | 59 (49–66) | 66 | 61 (57–68) | 0.12 |
Female gender (%) | 318 | 79 (25%) | 252 | 62 (25%) | 66 | 17 (26%) | 0.85 |
BMI (Kg/m2) | 308 | 26 (23–30) | 243 | 26 (23–30) | 65 | 25 (23–30) | 0.51 |
Medical history (%) | |||||||
History of hypertension | 311 | 115 (37%) | 247 | 94 (38%) | 64 | 21 (33%) | 0.44 |
History heart failure | 306 | 64 (21%) | 242 | 44 (18%) | 64 | 20 (31%) | 0.022 |
History myocardial infarction | 304 | 46 (15%) | 240 | 33 (14%) | 64 | 13 (20%) | 0.19 |
History of cardiac ischemia | 305 | 70 (23%) | 240 | 48 (20%) | 65 | 22 (34%) | 0.019 |
History of valvular disease | 305 | 38 (12%) | 241 | 29 (12%) | 64 | 9 (14%) | 0.66 |
Causes (%) | |||||||
Cardiac arrest | 318 | 151 (47%) | 252 | 128 (51%) | 66 | 23 (35%) | 0.021 |
Acute coronary syndrome | 318 | 114 (36%) | 252 | 99 (39%) | 66 | 15 (23%) | 0.013 |
Valvular disease | 318 | 27 (8%) | 252 | 22 (9%) | 66 | 5 (8%) | 0.76 |
Toxic cardiomyopathy | 318 | 8 (3%) | 252 | 5 (2%) | 66 | 3 (5%) | 0.37 |
Ischemic cardiomyopathy | 318 | 72 (23%) | 252 | 54 (21%) | 66 | 18 (27%) | 0.31 |
Dilated cardiomyopathy | 318 | 25 (8%) | 252 | 20 (8%) | 66 | 5 (8%) | 0.92 |
Adrenergic and takotsubo cardiomyopathy | 318 | 11 (3%) | 252 | 10 (4%) | 66 | 1 (2%) | 0.47 |
Post cardiac surgery | 318 | 47 (15%) | 252 | 37 (15%) | 66 | 10 (15%) | 0.92 |
Rhymthmic cardiopathy | 318 | 41 (13%) | 252 | 30 (12%) | 66 | 11 (17%) | 0.30 |
Pulmonary embolism | 318 | 17 (5%) | 252 | 15 (6%) | 66 | 2 (3%) | 0.54 |
Myocarditis | 318 | 30 (9%) | 252 | 29 (12%) | 66 | 1 (2%) | 0.013 |
Other | 318 | 110 (35%) | 252 | 94 (37%) | 66 | 16 (24%) | 0.047 |
Baseline characteristics and management | |||||||
LVEF before VA-ECMO implantation (%) | 201 | 20 (15–30) | 162 | 20 (15–35) | 39 | 20 (15–30) | 0.46 |
Norepinephrine (%) | 310 | 238 (77%) | 244 | 184 (75%) | 66 | 54 (82%) | 0.27 |
Epinephrine (%) | 310 | 80 (26%) | 244 | 76 (31%) | 66 | 4 (6%) | < 0.0001 |
Dobutamine (%) | 310 | 192 (62%) | 244 | 145 (59%) | 66 | 47 (71%) | 0.080 |
pH | 317 | 7.32 (7.23–7.43) | 251 | 7.30 (7.20–7.42) | 66 | 7.38 (7.32–7.46) | < 0.0001 |
Lactate (mmol/L) | 318 | 4.85 (2.60–8.20) | 252 | 6.27 (3.85–9.35) | 66 | 1.60 (1.40–2.00) | < 0.0001 |
Outcomes | |||||||
VA-ECMO duration (days) | 276 | 6 (4–9) | 216 | 6 (4–9) | 60 | 6 (5–8) | 0.40 |
In-ICU LOS (days) | 318 | 12 (7–22) | 252 | 12 (7–22) | 66 | 14 (9–23) | 0.080 |
Hospital LOS (days) | 318 | 20 (9–46) | 252 | 19 (8–43) | 66 | 24 (11–49) | 0.056 |
Renal replacement therapy (%) | 313 | 130 (42%) | 247 | 110 (45%) | 66 | 20 (30%) | 0.037 |
Mechanichal ventilation duration (days) | 313 | 9 (5–17) | 247 | 9 (5–17) | 66 | 8 (4–19) | 0.91 |
30-day non-survivor (%) | 318 | 146 (46%) | 252 | 127 (50%) | 66 | 19 (29%) | 0.002 |