Table 1 Baseline characteristics of the study population

Age (years)

71 [65–77]

Female

53%

BMI (kg/m²)

27.8 ± 7.8

APACHE

18.3 ± 8.3

SOFA

9.2 ± 2.5

CRP (mg/dL)

24.1 ± 15.2

Sepsis Source

 Abdominal

55% (19)

 Respiratory

24% (8)

 Urinary

9% (3)

 Soft tissue

6% (2)

 Other

6% (2)

Previous fluid resuscitation (mL)

1610 [670–2868]

NE dose (mcg/kg/min)

0.19 ± 0.15

Vasopressin use (%)

17%

MAP (mmHg)

67 [64–70]

HR (bpm)

92 ± 18

CRT (s)

4 [3.1-6]

Lactate (mmol/L)

3 [2.3–4.3]

CVP (mmHg)

8.6 ± 4.8

Cardiac output (L/min)

4.9 ± 1.7

Central venous O₂saturation (%)

77 [69–84]

Venous-arterial pCO₂gradient

4.4 ± 2.5