Table 1 Baseline characteristics of patients with sickle cell disease admitted to the Pediatric Intensive Care Unit
All patients (N = 579) | Patients with adverse outcome (N = 113) | Patients without adverse outcome (N = 466) | MD | p-value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Baseline characteristics | |||||
Genotype, n (%) | |||||
SS | 536 (93%) | 108 (95%) | 428 (92%) | 0 | NS |
SC / Sβ° | 23 (4%) / 20 (3%) | 4 (4%) / 1 (1%) | 19 (4%) / 19 (4%) | 0 | |
Age (years) | 9.2 [5.5–13.4] (0.2–19.2) | 10.1 [5.9–13.7] (0.3–19.7) | 9.1 [5.3–13.3] (0.2–19) | 0 | NS |
Male gender, n (%) | 349 (60%) | 73 (65%) | 276 (60%) | 0 | NS |
G6PD deficiency, n (%) | 84 (15%) | 22 (20%) | 62 (14%) | 13 | NS |
Baseline hemoglobin | |||||
SS/Sβ° | 8.0 [7.5–8.8] (5.0-11.5) | 8.0 [7.5–8.5] (5.5–10.0) | 8.2 [7.8-9.0] (5.0-11.5) | 30 | < 0.01 |
SC | 10.5 [10.0–11.0] (8.0-12.5) | 11.0 [10.0-10.5] (8.0-11.5) | 10.5 [10.0–11.0] (8.0-11.5) | 3 | NS |
Baseline hemoglobin < 8 g/dl | 278 (51%) | 66 (63%) | 212 (48%) | 33 | < 0.01 |
History of bronchial obstruction, n (%) | 137 (25%) | 37 (35%) | 100 (23%) | 37 | 0.01 |
History of acute chest syndrome, n (%) | 289 (51%) | 56 (51%) | 233 (51%) | 12 | NS |
History of cerebral vasculopathy, n (%) | 80 (16%) | 12 (13%) | 68 (17%) | 74 | NS |
History of stroke, n (%) | 43 (8%) | 3 (3%) | 40 (9%) | 20 | † |
Hydroxyurea treatment, n (%) | 283 (51%) | 54 (52%) | 229 (51%) | 24 | NS |
Exchange transfusion program, n (%) | 107 (19%) | 19 (18%) | 88 (19%) | 17 | NS |
History of PICU admission | 242 (47%) | 48 (49%) | 194 (47%) | 64 | NS |
Unit of origin, n (%) | 1 | NS | |||
General pediatrics department | 437 (75%) | 86 (76%) | 351 (75%) | ||
Others | 142 (25%) | 27 (24%) | 115 (25%) | ||
Emergency department | 114 (20%) | 17 (15%) | 97(22%) | ||
Operating room | 12 (2%) | 5 (4%) | 7 (2%) | ||
Home | 6 (1%) | 0 (0%) | 6 (1%) | ||
Long term facility | 3 (1%) | 0 (0%) | 3 (1%) | ||
Other PICU | 6 (1%) | 5 (1%) | 1 (0%) | ||
Diagnosis on admission, n (%) | 0 | < 0.01 | |||
Acute chest syndrome | 331 (57%) | 80 (71%) | 251 (54%) | ||
Other causes | 248 (43%) | 33 (29%) | 215 (46%) | ||
Vaso-occlusive pain crisis | 99 (17%) | 2 (2%) | 97 (21%) | ||
Stroke | 39 (7%) | 7 (6%) | 32 (6%) | ||
Sepsis | 18 (3%) | 10 (9%) | 8 (2%) | ||
Splenic sequestration | 12 (2%) | 2 (2%) | 10 (2%) | ||
Peri-operative | 10 (2%) | 4 (4%) | 6 (1%) | ||
Acute anemia* | 9 (2%) | 0 (0%) | 9 (2%) | ||
Other | 61 (11%) | 8 (7%) | 53 (11%) | ||
PIM 2 | 1.2 [0.8–3.2] (0-22.1) | 3.3 [1.7–4.7] (0-22.1) | 1.0 [0.8–2.8] (0-18.2) | 59 | < 0.01 |
PELOD 2 (day 1) | 0 [0–1] (0–45) | 1 [0–3] (0–33) | 0 [0–0] (0–45) | 59 | < 0.01 |