Table 4 Microorganisms isolated from respiratory samples
From: Microbiological features of drowning-associated pneumonia: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Total a (N = 171) | Seawater (N = 43) | Freshwater (N = 106) | p value | Presumed susc AMC | Presumed susc CFT | Presumed susc PTZ | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Aeromonas sp. | 20 (11.7) | 0 | 19 (17.9) | 0.001 | − | + | + |
Haemophilus influenzae | 19 (11.1) | 7 (16.3) | 12 (11.3) | 0.4 | + | + | + |
Pseudomonas aeruginosa | 12 (7.0) | 5 (11.6) | 6 (5.6) | 0.3 | − | − | + |
Enterobacter cloacae | 8 (4.7) | 3 (6.9) | 3 (2.8) | 0.3 | − | ± | + |
Escherichia coli | 7 (4) | 3 (6.9) | 4 (3.8) | 0.4 | + | + | + |
Enterobacter aerogenes | 5 (2.9) | 3 (6.9) | 0 | 0.02 | − | ± | + |
Citrobacter koserii | 4 (2.3) | 2 (4.6) | 2 (1.9) | 0.6 | + | + | + |
Klebsielle sp. | 4 (2.3) | 2 (4.6) | 2 (1.9) | 0.6 | ± | + | + |
Gram negative, unspecified | 4 (2.3) | 0 | 4 (3.8) | 0.3 | ? | ? | ? |
Morganella morganii | 2 (1.1) | 0 | 1 (0.9) | 1 | − | ± | + |
Moraxella catarrhalis | 2 (1.1) | 0 | 2 (1.8) | 1 | + | + | + |
Acinetobacter sp. | 2 (1.1) | 0 | 2 (1.9) | 1 | − | − | ± |
Stenotrophomonas maltophilia | 2 (1.1) | 0 | 2 (1.9) | 1 | − | − | ± |
Citrobacter freundi | 1 (0.6) | 0 | 1 (0.9) | 1 | − | ± | + |
Klebsiella pneumoniae | 1 (0.6) | 1 (2.3) | 0 | 0.3 | + | + | + |
Klebsiella oxytoca | 1 (0.6) | 1 (2.3) | 0 | 0.3 | + | + | + |
Bacteroides sp. | 1 (0.6) | 0 | 1 (0.9) | 1 | + | − | + |
Vibrio alginolyticus | 1 (0.6) | 1 (2.3) | 0 | 0.3 | ? | + | + |
Serratia marcescens | 1 (0.6) | 0 | 1 (0.9) | 1 | − | ± | + |
Flavobacterium odoratum | 1 (0.6) | 0 | 1 (0.9) | 1 | ? | ? | ? |
Staphylococcus aureus | 21 (12.3) | 6 (13.9) | 13 (12.2) | 0.8 | + | + | + |
Streptococcus pneumoniae | 13 (7.6) | 5 (11.6) | 8 (7.5) | 0.4 | + | + | + |
Streptococcus pyogenes | 3 (1.7) | 0 | 3 (2.8) | 0.6 | + | + | + |
Bacillus cereus | 1 (0.6) | 0 | 1 (0.9) | 1 | − | − | − |
Flora, unspecified | 35 (20.5) | 4 (9.3) | 18 (16.9) | 0.3 | ? | ? | ? |
Polymicrobial | 18 (10.5) | 8 (18.6) | 10 (9.4) | 0.2 | ± | ± | ± |
Aspergillus sp. | 1 (0.6) | 0 | 1 (0.9) | 1 | b | b | b |
Candida sp. | 2 (1.1) | 0 | 2 (1.9) | 1 | b | b | b |