Table 2 Clinical characteristics and outcomes of patients according to weaning group
From: Outcomes of mechanical ventilation according to WIND classification in pediatric patients
Group 1 < 1 day (n = 99) | Group 2 1–7 days (n = 53) | Group 3 > 7 days (n = 28) | p value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Baseline characteristics | ||||
Age in years | 1.4 (0.4–5.3) | 1.7 (0.3–4.0) | 3.7 (0.9–10.8) | 0.184 |
Male | 63 (63.6) | 23 (43.4) | 16 (57.1) | 0.057 |
PIM 3 (%), median (IQR) | 2.4 (0.8–9.8) | 3.2 (0.9–7.7) | 4.6 (1.4–8.0) | 0.795 |
Admission type | ||||
Postoperative admission | 24 (24.2) | 5 (9.4) | 6 (21.4) | 0.087 |
Medical admission | 75 (75.8) | 48 (90.6) | 22 (78.6) | |
Respiratory | 47 (62.7) | 34 (70.8) | 17 (77.3) | |
Cardiovascular | 14 (18.7) | 6 (12.5) | 1 (4.5) | |
Neurologic | 10 (13.3) | 5 (10.4) | 2 (9.1) | |
Other | 4 (5.3) | 3 (6.3) | 2 (9.1) | |
Underlying disease | 0.266 | |||
Neurologic | 23 (23.2) | 13 (24.5) | 4 (14.3) | |
Pulmonary | 12 (12.1) | 5 (9.4) | 3 (10.7) | |
Cardiologic | 21 (21.2) | 15 (28.3) | 4 (14.3) | |
Oncologic | 8 (8.1) | 11 (20.8) | 8 (28.6) | |
Infectious | 9 (9.1) | 5 (9.4) | 2 (7.1) | |
Other | 26 (26.3) | 4 (7.6) | 7 (25) | |
Weaning characteristics | ||||
Spontaneous breathing test | 83 (83.8) | 50 (94.3) | 24 (85.7) | 0.175 |
PSV | 78 (93.9) | 45 (90.0) | 20 (83.4) | |
CPAP | 4 (4.8) | 4 (8.0) | 2 (8.3) | |
T-piece | 1 (1.3) | 1 (2.0) | 2 (8.3) | |
Post-extubation support | 13 (13.1) | 13 (24.5) | 10 (35.7) | 0.019 |
Nasal CPAP | 2 (2.0) | 4 (7.5) | 8 (28.6) | |
HFNC | 11 (11.1) | 9 (17.0) | 2 (7.1) | |
Intubation to the first SA, day | 4 (2–7) | 5 (3–9) | 3 (2–7) | 0.048 |
SA to successful weaning, days | 0.3 (0–1) | 2.6 (2–4) | 17.2 (7–29) | < 0.001 |
Total duration of MV, days | 4 (3–7) | 8 (5–14) | 19.5 (13–38) | < 0.001 |
Ventilator-free daysa | 24 (21–25) | 20 (15–23) | 0 (0–12) | < 0.001 |
Reintubation | 3 (3.0) | 17 (32.0) | 26 (92.8) | < 0.001 |
Time to reintubation, h | 0.2 (0.1–1.8) | 1.0 (0.6–6.4) | 5.7 (0.9–37.9) | 0.048 |
Clinical outcomes | ||||
Length of ICU stay, days | 9 (5–14) | 15 (8–23) | 33.5 (18–46) | < 0.001 |
ICU-free daya | 18.9 (14–23) | 13.0 (5–20) | 1.1 (0–10) | < 0.001 |
Length of hospital stay, days | 18 (12–35) | 31 (18–47) | 49 (34–63) | 0.010 |
Status at ICU discharge | ||||
Dead | 0 | 0 | 5 (17.9) | < 0.001 |
Alive and weaned | 99 (100) | 53 (100) | 14 (50.0) | |
Spontaneous breathing | 92 (92.9) | 43 (81.1) | 9 (32.1) | |
Tracheostomy, no MV | 7 (7.1) | 10 (18.9) | 5 (17.9) | |
Alive and not weaned | ||||
Tracheostomy with MV | 0 | 0 | 9 (32.1) | |