Yang Y, Schmidt EP. The endothelial glycocalyx: an important regulator of the pulmonary vascular barrier. Tissue Barriers. 2013;1(1):e23494. doi:10.4161/tisb.23494
Article
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Schmidt EP, Lee WL, Zemans RL, Yamashita C, Downey GP. On, around, and through: neutrophil-endothelial interactions in innate immunity. Physiol (Bethesda, Md.). 2011;26(5):334–47.
Article
CAS
Google Scholar
Curry FE, Adamson RH. Endothelial glycocalyx: permeability barrier and mechanosensor. Ann Biomed Eng. 2012;40(4):828–39.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Florian JA, Kosky JR, Ainslie K, Pang Z, Dull RO, Tarbell JM. Heparan sulfate proteoglycan is a mechanosensor on endothelial cells. Circ Res. 2003;93(10):e136–42.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Grundmann S, Fink K, Rabadzhieva L, et al. Perturbation of the endothelial glycocalyx in post cardiac arrest syndrome. Resuscitation. 2012;83(6):715–20.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Henrich M, Gruss M, Weigand MA. Sepsis-induced degradation of endothelial glycocalix. Sci World J. 2010;10:917–23.
Article
CAS
Google Scholar
Hofmann-Kiefer KF, Knabl J, Martinoff N, et al. Increased serum concentrations of circulating glycocalyx components in HELLP syndrome compared to healthy pregnancy: an observational study. Reprod Sci (Thousand Oaks, Calif). 2013;20(3):318–25.
Article
Google Scholar
Johansson PI, Stensballe J, Rasmussen LS, Ostrowski SR. A high admission syndecan-1 level, a marker of endothelial glycocalyx degradation, is associated with inflammation, protein C depletion, fibrinolysis, and increased mortality in trauma patients. Ann Surg. 2011;254(2):194–200.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Steppan J, Hofer S, Funke B, et al. Sepsis and major abdominal surgery lead to flaking of the endothelial glycocalix. J Surg Res. 2011;165(1):136–41.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Nieuwdorp M, Mooij HL, Kroon J, et al. Endothelial glycocalyx damage coincides with microalbuminuria in type 1 diabetes. Diabetes. 2006;55(4):1127–32.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Sallisalmi M, Tenhunen J, Yang R, Oksala N, Pettila V. Vascular adhesion protein-1 and syndecan-1 in septic shock. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand. 2012;56(3):316–22.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Torres Filho IP, Torres LN, Salgado C, Dubick MA. Plasma syndecan-1 and heparan sulfate correlate with microvascular glycocalyx degradation in hemorrhaged rats after different resuscitation fluids. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol. 2016;310(11):H1468–78.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Burke-Gaffney A, Evans TW. Lest we forget the endothelial glycocalyx in sepsis. Crit Care. 2012;16(2):121.
Article
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Kozar RA, Peng Z, Zhang R, et al. Plasma restoration of endothelial glycocalyx in a rodent model of hemorrhagic shock. Anesth Analg. 2011;112(6):1289–95.
Article
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Cancel LM, Ebong EE, Mensah S, Hirschberg C, Tarbell JM. Endothelial glycocalyx, apoptosis and inflammation in an atherosclerotic mouse model. Atherosclerosis. 2016;252:136–46.
Article
CAS
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Miranda CH, de Carvalho Borges M, Schmidt A, Marin-Neto JA, Pazin-Filho A. Evaluation of the endothelial glycocalyx damage in patients with acute coronary syndrome. Atherosclerosis. 2016;247:184–8.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Padberg JS, Wiesinger A, di Marco GS, et al. Damage of the endothelial glycocalyx in chronic kidney disease. Atherosclerosis. 2014;234(2):335–43.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Jacob M, Saller T, Chappell D, Rehm M, Welsch U, Becker BF. Physiological levels of A-, B- and C-type natriuretic peptide shed the endothelial glycocalyx and enhance vascular permeability. Basic Res Cardiol. 2013;108(3):347.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Rinaldo JE, Rogers RM. Adult respiratory-distress syndrome: changing concepts of lung injury and repair. N Engl J Med. 1982;306(15):900–9.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Bernard GR, Artigas A, Brigham KL, et al. The American-European consensus conference on ARDS. Definitions, mechanisms, relevant outcomes, and clinical trial coordination. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 1994;149(3 Pt 1):818–24.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Zimmerman GA, Albertine KH, Carveth HJ, et al. Endothelial activation in ARDS. Chest. 1999;116(1 Suppl):18s–24s.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Ware LB, Matthay MA. The acute respiratory distress syndrome. N Engl J Med. 2000;342(18):1334–49.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Millar FR, Summers C, Griffiths MJ, Toshner MR, Proudfoot AG. The pulmonary endothelium in acute respiratory distress syndrome: insights and therapeutic opportunities. Thorax. 2016;71(5):462–73.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Calfee CS, Janz DR, Bernard GR, et al. Distinct molecular phenotypes of direct versus indirect ARDS in single-center and multicenter studies. Chest J. 2015;147(6):1539–48.
Article
Google Scholar
Menezes SL, Bozza PT, Neto HC, et al. Pulmonary and extrapulmonary acute lung injury: inflammatory and ultrastructural analyses. J Appl Physiol (Bethesda, Md : 1985). 2005;98(5):1777–83.
Article
Google Scholar
Pelosi P, D’Onofrio D, Chiumello D, et al. Pulmonary and extrapulmonary acute respiratory distress syndrome are different. Eur Respir J Suppl. 2003;42:48s–56s.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Schmidt EP, Yang Y, Janssen WJ, et al. The pulmonary endothelial glycocalyx regulates neutrophil adhesion and lung injury during experimental sepsis. Nat Med. 2012;18(8):1217–23.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Negrini D, Passi A, Moriondo A. The role of proteoglycans in pulmonary edema development. Intensive Care Med. 2008;34(4):610–8.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Schmidt EP, Li G, Li L, et al. The circulating glycosaminoglycan signature of respiratory failure in critically ill adults. J Biol Chem. 2014;289(12):8194–202.
Article
CAS
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Siew ED, Ware LB, Gebretsadik T, et al. Urine neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin moderately predicts acute kidney injury in critically ill adults. J Am Soc Nephrol. 2009;20(8):1823–32.
Article
CAS
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Knaus WA, Draper EA, Wagner DP, Zimmerman JE. APACHE II: a severity of disease classification system. Crit Care Med. 1985;13(10):818–29.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Bone RC, Balk RA, Cerra FB, et al. Definitions for sepsis and organ failure and guidelines for the use of innovative therapies in sepsis. The ACCP/SCCM Consensus Conference Committee. American College of Chest Physicians/Society of Critical Care Medicine. Chest. 1992;101(6):1644–55.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Ranieri VM, Rubenfeld GD, Thompson BT, et al. Acute respiratory distress syndrome: the Berlin definition. JAMA. 2012;307(23):2526–33.
PubMed
Google Scholar
Rice TW, Wheeler AP, Bernard GR, Hayden DL, Schoenfeld DA, Ware LB. Comparison of the SpO2/FIO2 ratio and the PaO2/FIO2 ratio in patients with acute lung injury or ARDS. Chest. 2007;132(2):410–7.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Ware LB, Matthay MA. Clinical practice. Acute pulmonary edema. N Engl J Med. 2005;353(26):2788–96.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Bernard G. The Brussels Score. Sepsis. 1997;1:43–4.
Article
Google Scholar
Becker BF, Jacob M, Leipert S, Salmon AH, Chappell D. Degradation of the endothelial glycocalyx in clinical settings: searching for the sheddases. Br J Clin Pharmacol. 2015;80(3):389–402.
Article
CAS
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Nasa P, Juneja D, Singh O, Dang R, Arora V. Severe sepsis and its impact on outcome in elderly and very elderly patients admitted in intensive care unit. J Intensive Care Med. 2012;27(3):179–83.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Curns AT, Holman RC, Sejvar JJ, Owings MF, Schonberger LB. Infectious disease hospitalizations among older adults in the United States from 1990 through 2002. Arch Intern Med. 2005;165(21):2514–20.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Ely EW, Angus DC, Williams MD, Bates B, Qualy R, Bernard GR. Drotrecogin alfa (activated) treatment of older patients with severe sepsis. Clin Infect Dis Off Publ Infect Dis Soc Am. 2003;37(2):187–95.
Article
CAS
Google Scholar
Girard TD, Opal SM, Ely EW. Insights into severe sepsis in older patients: from epidemiology to evidence-based management. Clin Infect Dis Off Publ Infect Dis Soc Am. 2005;40(5):719–27.
Article
Google Scholar
Nelson A, Berkestedt I, Schmidtchen A, Ljunggren L, Bodelsson M. Increased levels of glycosaminoglycans during septic shock: relation to mortality and the antibacterial actions of plasma. Shock (Augusta, Ga). 2008;30(6):623–7.
Article
CAS
Google Scholar
Luo L, Shaver CM, Zhao Z, Koyama T, Calfee CS, Bastarache JA, Ware LB. Clinical predictors of hospital mortality differ between direct and indirect ARDS. Chest. 2017;151:755–63.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Calfee CS, Delucchi K, Parsons PE, et al. Subphenotypes in acute respiratory distress syndrome: latent class analysis of data from two randomised controlled trials. Lancet Respir Med. 2014;2(8):611–20.
Article
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Famous KR, Delucchi K, Ware LB, Kangelaris KN, Liu KD, Thompson BT, Calfee CS; ARDS Network. Acute respiratory distress syndrome subphenotypes respond differently to randomized fluid management strategy. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2017;195:331–8.
PubMed
Google Scholar
Chappell D, Heindl B, Jacob M, et al. Sevoflurane reduces leukocyte and platelet adhesion after ischemia-reperfusion by protecting the endothelial glycocalyx. Anesthesiology. 2011;115(3):483–91.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Casanova J, Simon C, Vara E, Sanchez G, Rancan L, Abubakra S, Calvo A, Gonzalez FJ, Garutti I. Sevoflurane anesthetic preconditioning protects the lung endothelial glycocalyx from ischemia reperfusion injury in an experimental lung autotransplant model. J Anesth. 2016;30:755–62.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Annecke T, Chappell D, Chen C, et al. Sevoflurane preserves the endothelial glycocalyx against ischaemia-reperfusion injury. Br J Anaesth. 2010;104(4):414–21.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Padberg JS, Wiesinger A, di Marco GS, et al. Damage of the endothelial glycocalyx in chronic kidney disease. Atherosclerosis. 2014;234(2):335–43.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar