McCowen KC, Malhotra A, Bistrian BR. Stress-induced hyperglycemia. Crit Care Clin. 2001;17:107–24.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Ali NA, O’Brien JM, Dungan K, Phillips G, Marsh CB, Lemeshow S, Connors AF, Preiser JC. Glucose variability and mortality in patients with sepsis. Crit Care Med. 2008;36:2316–21.
Article
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Capes SE, Hunt D, Malmberg K, Gerstein HC. Stress hyperglycaemia and increased risk of death after myocardial infarction in patients with and without diabetes: a systematic overview. Lancet. 2000;355:773–8.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Van den Berghe G, Wouters P, Weekers F, Verwaest C, Bruyninckx F, Schetz M, Vlasselaers D, Ferdinande P, Lauwers P, Bouillon R. Intensive insulin therapy in critically ill patients. N Engl J Med. 2001;345:1359–67.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Krinsley JS. Effect of an intensive glucose management protocol on the mortality of critically ill adult patients. Mayo Clin Proc. 2004;79:992–1000.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Chase JG, Shaw G, Le Compte A, Lonergan T, Willacy M, Wong XW, Lin J, Lotz T, Lee D, Hann C. Implementation and evaluation of the SPRINT protocol for tight glycaemic control in critically ill patients: a clinical practice change. Crit Care. 2008;12:R49.
Article
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Reed CC, Stewart RM, Sherman M, Myers JG, Corneille MG, Larson N, Gerhardt S, Beadle R, Gamboa C, Dent D, et al. Intensive insulin protocol improves glucose control and is associated with a reduction in intensive care unit mortality. J Am Coll Surg. 2007;204:1048–54 (Discussion 1054-1045).
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Finfer S, Chittock DR, Su SY, Blair D, Foster D, Dhingra V, Bellomo R, Cook D, Dodek P, Henderson WR, et al. Intensive versus conventional glucose control in critically ill patients. N Engl J Med. 2009;360:1283–97.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Preiser JC, Devos P, Ruiz-Santana S, Melot C, Annane D, Groeneveld J, Iapichino G, Leverve X, Nitenberg G, Singer P, et al. A prospective randomised multi-centre controlled trial on tight glucose control by intensive insulin therapy in adult intensive care units: the Glucontrol study. Intensive Care Med. 2009;35:1738–48.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Brunkhorst FM, Engel C, Bloos F, Meier-Hellmann A, Ragaller M, Weiler N, Moerer O, Gruendling M, Oppert M, Grond S, et al. Intensive insulin therapy and pentastarch resuscitation in severe sepsis. N Engl J Med. 2008;358:125–39.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Marik PE, Preiser JC. Toward understanding tight glycemic control in the ICU: a systematic review and metaanalysis. Chest. 2010;137:544–51.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Griesdale DE, de Souza RJ, van Dam RM, Heyland DK, Cook DJ, Malhotra A, Dhaliwal R, Henderson WR, Chittock DR, Finfer S, Talmor D. Intensive insulin therapy and mortality among critically ill patients: a meta-analysis including NICE-SUGAR study data. CMAJ. 2009;180:821–7.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Wiener RS, Wiener DC, Larson RJ. Benefits and risks of tight glucose control in critically ill adults: a meta-analysis. JAMA. 2008;300:933–44.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Arabi YM, Dabbagh OC, Tamim HM, Al-Shimemeri AA, Memish ZA, Haddad SH. Intensive versus conventional insulin therapy: a randomized controlled trial in medical and surgical critically ill patients. Crit Care Med. 2008;36:3190–7.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Rosa C, Donado JH, Restrepo AH, Quintero AM, Gonzalez LG, Saldarriaga NE. Strict glycaemic control in patients hospitalised in a mixed medical and surgical intensive care unit: a randomised clinical trial. Crit Care. 2008;12:R120.
Article
Google Scholar
Suhaimi F, Le Compte A, Preiser JC, Shaw GM, Massion P, Radermecker R, Pretty CG, Lin J, Desaive T, Chase JG. What makes tight glycemic control tight? The impact of variability and nutrition in two clinical studies. J Diabetes Sci Technol. 2010;4:284–98.
Article
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Waeschle RM, Moerer O, Hilgers R, Herrmann P, Neumann P, Quintel M. The impact of the severity of sepsis on the risk of hypoglycaemia and glycaemic variability. Crit Care. 2008;12:R129.
Article
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Finfer S, Liu B, Chittock DR, Norton R, Myburgh JA, McArthur C, Mitchell I, Foster D, Dhingra V, Henderson WR, et al. Hypoglycemia and risk of death in critically ill patients. N Engl J Med. 2012;367:1108–18.
Article
PubMed
CAS
Google Scholar
Krinsley JS, Schultz MJ, Spronk PE, Harmsen RE, Braam HF, Sluijs JP. Mild hypoglycemia is independently associated with increased mortality in the critically ill. Crit Care. 2011;15:P397.
Article
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Egi M, Bellomo R, Stachowski E, French CJ, Hart GK, Taori G, Hegarty C, Bailey M. Hypoglycemia and outcome in critically ill patients. Mayo Clin Proc. 2010;85:217–24.
Article
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Penning S, Pretty C, Preiser JC, Shaw GM, Desaive T, Chase JG. Glucose control positively influences patient outcome: A retrospective study. J Crit Care. 2015;30:455–9.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Vanhorebeek I, Gunst J, Van den Berghe G. Critical Care management of stress-induced hyperglycemia. Curr Diab Rep. 2018;18:17.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Chase JG, Dickson J. Traversing the valley of glycemic control despair. Crit Care. 2017;21:212.
Article
Google Scholar
Uyttendaele V, Knopp JL, Shaw GM, Desaive T, Chase JG. Is intensive insulin therapy the scapegoat for or cause of hypoglycaemia and poor outcome? IFAC J Syst Control. 2019;9:100063.
Article
Google Scholar
Bagshaw SM, Bellomo R, Jacka MJ, Egi M, Hart GK, George C. The impact of early hypoglycemia and blood glucose variability on outcome in critical illness. Crit Care. 2009;13:R91.
Article
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Chase JG, Preiser JC, Dickson JL, Pironet A, Chiew YS, Pretty CG, Shaw GM, Benyo B, Moeller K, Safaei S, et al. Next-generation, personalised, model-based critical care medicine: a state-of-the art review of in silico virtual patient models, methods, and cohorts, and how to validation them. Biomed Eng Online. 2018;17:24.
Article
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Egi M, Bellomo R, Stachowski E, French CJ, Hart G. Variability of blood glucose concentration and short-term mortality in critically ill patients. Anesthesiology. 2006;105:244–52.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Krinsley JS. Glycemic variability: a strong independent predictor of mortality in critically ill patients. Crit Care Med. 2008;36:3008–13.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Le Compte AJ, Pretty CG, Lin J, Shaw GM, Lynn A, Chase JG. Impact of variation in patient response on model-based control of glycaemia in critically ill patients. Comput Methods Programs Biomed. 2013;109:211–9.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Kauffmann RM, Hayes RM, Buske BD, Norris PR, Campion TR, Dortch M. Increasing blood glucose variability heralds hypoglycemia in the critically ill. J Surg Res. 2011;170:257–64.
Article
CAS
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Chase JG, Le Compte AJ, Suhaimi F, Shaw GM, Lynn A, Lin J, Pretty CG, Razak N, Parente JD, Hann CE, et al. Tight glycemic control in critical care–the leading role of insulin sensitivity and patient variability: a review and model-based analysis. Comput Methods Programs Biomed. 2011;102:156–71.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Chase JG, Desaive T, Bohe J, Cnop M, De Block C, Gunst J, Hovorka R, Kalfon P, Krinsley J, Renard E, Preiser JC. Improving glycemic control in critically ill patients: personalized care to mimic the endocrine pancreas. Crit Care. 2018;22:182.
Article
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Chase JG, Le Compte AJ, Preiser JC, Shaw GM, Penning S, Desaive T. Physiological modeling, tight glycemic control, and the ICU clinician: what are models and how can they affect practice? Ann Intensive Care. 2011;1:11.
Article
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Chase JG, Benyo B, Desaive T. Glycemic control in the intensive care unit: a control systems perspective. Annual Reviews in Control. 2019;48:359–68.
Article
Google Scholar
Stewart KW, Pretty CG, Tomlinson H, Thomas FL, Homlok J, Noemi SN, Illyes A, Shaw GM, Benyo B, Chase JG. Safety, efficacy and clinical generalization of the STAR protocol: a retrospective analysis. Ann Intensive Care. 2016;6:24.
Article
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Mesotten D, Dubois J, Van Herpe T, van Hooijdonk RT, Wouters R, Coart D, Wouters P, Van Assche A, Veraghtert G, De Moor B, et al. Software-guided versus nurse-directed blood glucose control in critically ill patients: the LOGIC-2 multicenter randomized controlled clinical trial. Crit Care. 2017;21:212.
Article
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Van Herpe T, Mesotten D, Wouters PJ, Herbots J, Voets E, Buyens J, De Moor B, Van den Berghe G. LOGIC-insulin algorithm-guided versus nurse-directed blood glucose control during critical illness: the LOGIC-1 single-center, randomized, controlled clinical trial. Diabetes Care. 2013;36:188–94.
Article
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Hovorka R, Kremen J, Blaha J, Matias M, Anderlova K, Bosanska L, Roubicek T, Wilinska ME, Chassin LJ, Svacina S, Haluzik M. Blood glucose control by a model predictive control algorithm with variable sampling rate versus a routine glucose management protocol in cardiac surgery patients: a randomized controlled trial. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2007;92:2960–4.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Stewart KW, Chase JG, Pretty CG, Shaw GM. Nutrition delivery of a model-based ICU glycaemic control system. Ann Intensive Care. 2018;8:4.
Article
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Uyttendaele V, Dickson JL, Shaw GM, Desaive T, Chase JG. Untangling glycaemia and mortality in critical care. Crit Care. 2017;21:152.
Article
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Chase JG, Pretty CG, Pfeifer L, Shaw GM, Preiser JC, Le Compte AJ, Lin J, Hewett D, Moorhead KT, Desaive T. Organ failure and tight glycemic control in the SPRINT study. Crit Care. 2010;14:R154.
Article
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Dickson JL, Chase JG, Gunn CA, Pretty C, Lynn A, Alsweiler J. Gender and glycaemia: insulin sensitivity and secretion in premature neonates. IFAC Proceedings Volumes. 2014;47:10168–73.
Article
Google Scholar
Dickson JL, Alsweiler J, Gunn CA, Pretty CG, Chase JG. A C-Peptide-based model of pancreatic insulin secretion in extremely preterm neonates in intensive care. J Diabetes Sci Technol. 2015;10:111–8.
Article
PubMed
PubMed Central
CAS
Google Scholar
Dickson JL, Chase JG, Pretty CG, Gunn CA, Alsweiler JM. Hyperglycaemic preterm babies have sex differences in insulin secretion. Neonatology. 2015;108:93–8.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Kwiatkowski K, Coe K, Bailar JC, Swanson GM. Inclusion of minorities and women in cancer clinical trials, a decade later: Have we improved? Cancer. 2013;119:2956–63.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Schiebinger L. Women’s health and clinical trials. J Clin Invest. 2003;112:973–7.
CAS
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Sherman LA, Temple R, Merkatz RB. Women in clinical trials: an FDA perspective. Science. 1995;269:793–5.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Ruiz Cantero MT, Angeles Pardo M. European Medicines Agency policies for clinical trials leave women unprotected. J Epidemiol Community Health. 2006;60:911–3.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Office UGA: Women’s health: FDA needs to ensure more study of gender differences in prescription drug testing. 1992:39; 39.
Merkatz RB, Temple R, Subel S, Feiden K, Kessler DA. Women in clinical trials of new drugs. A change in food and drug administration policy. The working group on women in clinical trials. N Engl J Med. 1993;329:292–6.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Jackson G. Pain and Prejudice. Australia: Allen and Unwin; 2019.
Google Scholar
Evans A, Le Compte A, Tan CS, Ward L, Steel J, Pretty CG, Penning S, Suhaimi F, Shaw GM, Desaive T, Chase JG. Stochastic targeted (STAR) glycemic control: design, safety, and performance. J Diabetes Sci Technol. 2012;6:102–15.
Article
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Fisk LM, Le Compte AJ, Shaw GM, Penning S, Desaive T, Chase JG. STAR development and protocol comparison. IEEE Trans Biomed Eng. 2012;59:3357–64.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Lin J, Razak NN, Pretty CG, Le Compte A, Docherty P, Parente JD, Shaw GM, Hann CE, Geoffrey Chase J. A physiological Intensive Control Insulin-Nutrition-Glucose (ICING) model validated in critically ill patients. Comput Methods Programs Biomed. 2011;102:192–205.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Docherty PD, Chase JG, David T. Characterisation of the iterative integral parameter identification method. Med Biol Eng Comput. 2012;50:127–34.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Dickson JL, Stewart KW, Pretty CG, Flechet M, Desaive T, Penning S, Lambermont BC, Benyo B, Shaw GM, Chase JG. Generalisability of a virtual trials method for glycaemic control in intensive care. IEEE Transact Biomed Eng. 2017;65:1543–53.
Article
Google Scholar
Langouche L, Vander Perre S, Wouters PJ, D’Hoore A, Hansen TK, Van den Berghe G. Effect of intensive insulin therapy on insulin sensitivity in the critically ill. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2007;92:3890–7.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Pretty CG, Le Compte AJ, Chase JG, Shaw GM, Preiser JC, Penning S, Desaive T. Variability of insulin sensitivity during the first 4 days of critical illness: implications for tight glycemic control. Ann Intensive Care. 2012;2:17.
Article
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Lin J, Lee D, Chase JG, Shaw GM, Le Compte A, Lotz T, Wong J, Lonergan T, Hann CE. Stochastic modelling of insulin sensitivity and adaptive glycemic control for critical care. Comput Methods Programs Biomed. 2008;89:141–52.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Le Compte AJ, Lee DS, Chase JG, Lin J, Lynn A, Shaw GM. Blood glucose prediction using stochastic modeling in neonatal intensive care. IEEE Trans Biomed Eng. 2010;57:509–18.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Lin J, Lee D, Chase JG, Shaw GM, Hann CE, Lotz T, Wong J. Stochastic modelling of insulin sensitivity variability in critical care. Biomed Signal Process Control. 2006;1:229–42.
Article
Google Scholar
Motulsky H. Intuitive biostatistics: a nonmathematical guide to statistical thinking. New York: Oxford University Press; 2014.
Google Scholar
Motulsky H. Common misconceptions about data analysis and statistics. Br J Pharmacol. 2015;172:200–5.
Article
CAS
Google Scholar
Fethney J. Statistical and clinical significance, and how to use confidence intervals to help interpret both. Aust Crit Care. 2010;23:93–7.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Krinsley JS, Preiser JC. Time in blood glucose range 70 to 140 mg/dl >80% is strongly associated with increased survival in non-diabetic critically ill adults. Crit Care. 2015;19:179.
Article
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Penning S, Chase JG, Preiser JC, Pretty CG, Signal M, Melot C, Desaive T. Does the achievement of an intermediate glycemic target reduce organ failure and mortality? A post hoc analysis of the Glucontrol trial. J Crit Care. 2014;29:374–9.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Signal M, Le Compte A, Shaw GM, Chase JG. Glycemic levels in critically ill patients: are normoglycemia and low variability associated with improved outcomes? J Diabetes Sci Technol. 2012;6:1030–7.
Article
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Cerra FB, Benitez MR, Blackburn GL, Irwin RS, Jeejeebhoy K, Katz DP, Pingleton SK, Pomposelli J, Rombeau JL, Shronts E, et al. Applied nutrition in ICU patients. A consensus statement of the American College of Chest Physicians. Chest. 1997;111:769–78.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Stewart KW, Chase JG, Pretty CG, Shaw GM. Nutrition delivery, workload and performance in a model-based ICU glycaemic control system. Comput Methods Programs Biomed. 2018;166:9–18.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Lotz TF, Chase JG, McAuley KA, Lee DS, Lin J, Hann CE, Mann JI. Transient and steady-state euglycemic clamp validation of a model for glycemic control and insulin sensitivity testing. Diabetes Technol Ther. 2006;8:338–46.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
McAuley KA, Berkeley JE, Docherty PD, Lotz TF, Te Morenga LA, Shaw GM, Williams SM, Chase JG, Mann JI. The dynamic insulin sensitivity and secretion test–a novel measure of insulin sensitivity. Metabolism. 2011;60:1748–56.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Docherty PD, Chase JG, Lotz TF, Hann CE, Shaw GM, Berkeley JE. Independent cohort cross-validation of the real-time DISTq estimation of insulin sensitivity. Comput Methods Programs Biomed. 2011;102:94–104.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Dungan KM, Braithwaite SS, Preiser JC. Stress hyperglycaemia. Lancet. 2009;373:1798–807.
Article
CAS
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Lheureux O, Preiser JC. Year in review 2013: Critical Care–metabolism. Crit Care. 2014;18:571.
Article
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Preiser JC, Ichai C, Orban JC, Groeneveld AB. Metabolic response to the stress of critical illness. Br J Anaesth. 2014;113:945–54.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Losser MR, Damoisel C, Payen D. Bench-to-bedside review: Glucose and stress conditions in the intensive care unit. Crit Care. 2010;14:231.
Article
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Nechas E, Foley F. Unequal treatment: what you don’t know about how women are mistreated by the medical community. New York: Simon & Schuste; 1994.
Google Scholar
Flanagan DE, Holt RI, Owens PC, Cockington RJ, Moore VM, Robinson JS, Godsland IF, Phillips DI. Gender differences in the insulin-like growth factor axis response to a glucose load. Acta Physiol. 2006;187:371–8.
Article
CAS
Google Scholar
Geer EB, Shen W. Gender differences in insulin resistance, body composition, and energy balance. Gend Med. 2009;6(Suppl 1):60–75.
Article
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Soeters MR, Sauerwein HP, Groener JE, Aerts JM, Ackermans MT, Glatz JF, Fliers E, Serlie MJ. Gender-related differences in the metabolic response to fasting. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2007;92:3646–52.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Ter Horst KW, Gilijamse PW, de Weijer BA, Kilicarslan M, Ackermans MT, Nederveen AJ, Nieuwdorp M, Romijn JA, Serlie MJ. Sexual Dimorphism in hepatic, adipose tissue, and peripheral tissue insulin sensitivity in obese humans. Front Endocrinol. 2015;6:182.
Google Scholar
Basu R, Dalla Man C, Campioni M, Basu A, Klee G, Toffolo G, Cobelli C, Rizza RA. Effects of age and sex on postprandial glucose metabolism: differences in glucose turnover, insulin secretion, insulin action, and hepatic insulin extraction. Diabetes. 2006;55:2001–14.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Varlamov O, Bethea CL, Roberts CT Jr. Sex-specific differences in lipid and glucose metabolism. Front Endocrinol. 2014;5:241.
Google Scholar
Pietropaoli AP, Glance LG, Oakes D, Fisher SG. Gender differences in mortality in patients with severe sepsis or septic shock. Gend Med. 2010;7:422–37.
Article
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Valentin A, Jordan B, Lang T, Hiesmayr M, Metnitz PG. Gender-related differences in intensive care: a multiple-center cohort study of therapeutic interventions and outcome in critically ill patients. Crit Care Med. 2003;31:1901–7.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Eachempati SR, Hydo L, Barie PS. Gender-based differences in outcome in patients with sepsis. Arch Surg. 1999;134:1342–7.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Epstein SK, Vuong V. Lack of influence of gender on outcomes of mechanically ventilated medical ICU patients. Chest. 1999;116:732–9.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Reinikainen M, Niskanen M, Uusaro A, Ruokonen E. Impact of gender on treatment and outcome of ICU patients. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand. 2005;49:984–90.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Schroder J, Kahlke V, Staubach KH, Zabel P, Stuber F. Gender differences in human sepsis. Arch Surg. 1998;133:1200–5.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Lotz TF, Chase JG, McAuley KA, Shaw GM, Docherty PD, Berkeley JE, Williams SM, Hann CE, Mann JI. Design and clinical pilot testing of the model-based dynamic insulin sensitivity and secretion test (DISST). J Diabetes Sci Technol. 2010;4:1408–23.
Article
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Dickson JL, LeCompte AJ, Floyd RP, Chase JG, Lynn A, Shaw GM. Development and optimisation of stochastic targeted (STAR) glycaemic control for pre-term infants in neonatal intensive care. Biomed Signal Process Control. 2013;8:215–21.
Article
Google Scholar