Articles

Impact on antimicrobial consumption of procalcitonin-guided antibiotic therapy for pneumonia/pneumonitis associated with aspiration in comatose mechanically ventilated patients: a multicenter, randomized controlled study

In comatose patients receiving oro-tracheal intubation for mechanical ventilation (MV), the risk of aspiration is increased. Aspiration can lead to chemical pneumonitis (inflammatory reaction to the gastric co...

Authors: Guylaine Labro, François Aptel, Marc Puyraveau, Jonathan Paillot, Sébastien Pili Floury, Hamid Merdji, Julie Helms, Gaël Piton, Fiona Ecarnot, Khaldoun Kuteifan, Jean Pierre Quenot and Gilles Capellier

Handgrip strength to predict extubation outcome: a prospective multicenter trial

ICU-acquired weakness (ICUAW) has been shown to be associated with prolonged duration of mechanical ventilation and extubation failure. It is usually assessed through Medical Research Council (MRC) score, a ti...

Authors: Guillaume Cottereau, Jonathan Messika, Bruno Megarbane, Laurent Guérin, Daniel da Silva, Caroline Bornstain, Matilde Santos, Jean-Damien Ricard and Benjamin Sztrymf

Long-term survival of mechanically ventilated patients with severe COVID-19: an observational cohort study

Information is lacking regarding long-term survival and predictive factors for mortality in patients with acute hypoxemic respiratory failure due to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and undergoing invasive ...

Authors: Oscar Peñuelas, Laura del Campo-Albendea, Amanda Lesmes González de Aledo, José Manuel Añón, Carmen Rodríguez-Solís, Jordi Mancebo, Paula Vera, Daniel Ballesteros, Jorge Jiménez, Emilio Maseda, Juan Carlos Figueira, Nieves Franco, Ángela Algaba, Juan Pablo Avilés, Ricardo Díaz, Beatriz Abad…

Association between delay in intensive care unit admission and the host response in patients with community-acquired pneumonia

A delay in admission to the intensive care unit (ICU) of patients with community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) has been associated with an increased mortality. Decisions regarding interventions and eligibility for ...

Authors: Liza Pereverzeva, Fabrice Uhel, Hessel Peters Sengers, Olaf L. Cremer, Marcus J. Schultz, Marc M. J. Bonten, Brendon P. Scicluna and Tom van der Poll

Effectiveness of polymyxin B hemoperfusion for sepsis depends on the baseline SOFA score: a nationwide observational study

Polymyxin B hemoperfusion (PMX) aims to treat septic shock by removing endotoxin from the patient’s blood. However, the relationship between the severity of the patient's organ damage and the survival benefit ...

Authors: Kenji Fujimori, Kunio Tarasawa and Kiyohide Fushimi

Admission serum myoglobin and the development of acute kidney injury after major trauma

Myoglobin and creatine kinase (CK) are both established markers of muscle injury but their hospital admission values have never been compared to predict post-traumatic acute kidney injury (AKI).

Authors: Virginie Tarazona, Samy Figueiredo, Sophie Hamada, Jonas Pochard, Ryan W. Haines, John R. Prowle, Jacques Duranteau, Bernard Vigué and Anatole Harrois

High mean arterial pressure target to improve sepsis-associated acute kidney injury in patients with prior hypertension: a feasibility study

The optimal mean arterial pressure (MAP) in cases of septic shock is still a matter of debate in patients with prior hypertension. An MAP between 75 and 85 mmHg can improve glomerular filtration rate (GFR) but...

Authors: Antoine Dewitte, Aurore Labat, Pierre-Antoine Duvignaud, Gauthier Bouche, Olivier Joannes-Boyau, Jean Ripoche, Gilles Hilbert, Didier Gruson, Sébastien Rubin, Alexandre Ouattara, Alexandre Boyer and Christian Combe

Is it time to revisit the PaO₂/FiO₂ ratio to define the severity of oxygenation in ARDS?

Authors: Sunitha Palanidurai, Jason Phua, Yiong Huak Chan and Amartya Mukhopadhyay

Incorporating ventilatory support parameters into the PaO₂/FiO₂ ratio in ARDS patients

Authors: Mohamad F. El-Khatib, Imad J. BouAkl and Ali H. Hallal

Risk factors for invasive aspergillosis in ICU patients with COVID-19: current insights and new key elements

Invasive pulmonary aspergillosis (IPA) has always been a challenging diagnosis and risk factors an important guide to investigate specific population, especially in Intensive Care Unit. Traditionally recognize...

Authors: G. Montrucchio, T. Lupia, D. Lombardo, G. Stroffolini, S. Corcione, F. G. De Rosa and L. Brazzi

High-flow nasal oxygen cannula vs. noninvasive mechanical ventilation to prevent reintubation in sepsis: a randomized controlled trial

High-flow nasal oxygen cannula (HFNC) and noninvasive mechanical ventilation (NIV) can prevent reintubation in critically ill patients. However, their efficacy in post-extubated sepsis patients remains unclear...

Authors: Surat Tongyoo, Porntipa Tantibundit, Kiattichai Daorattanachai, Tanuwong Viarasilpa, Chairat Permpikul and Suthipol Udompanturak

Three broad classifications of acute respiratory failure etiologies based on regional ventilation and perfusion by electrical impedance tomography: a hypothesis-generating study

The aim of this study was to validate whether regional ventilation and perfusion data measured by electrical impedance tomography (EIT) with saline bolus could discriminate three broad acute respiratory failur...

Authors: Huaiwu He, Yi Chi, Yun Long, Siyi Yuan, Rui Zhang, Yingying Yang, Inéz Frerichs, Knut Möller, Feng Fu and Zhanqi Zhao

Bioreactance reliably detects preload responsiveness by the end-expiratory occlusion test when averaging and refresh times are shortened

The end-expiratory occlusion (EEXPO) test detects preload responsiveness, but it is 15 s long and induces small changes in cardiac index (CI). It is doubtful whether the Starling bioreactance device, which ave...

Authors: Francesco Gavelli, Alexandra Beurton, Jean-Louis Teboul, Nello De Vita, Danila Azzolina, Rui Shi, Arthur Pavot and Xavier Monnet

Biotrauma during ultra-low tidal volume ventilation and venoarterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation in cardiogenic shock: a randomized crossover clinical trial

Cardiogenic pulmonary oedema (CPE) may contribute to ventilator-associated lung injury (VALI) in patients with cardiogenic shock. The appropriate ventilatory strategy remains unclear. We aimed to evaluate the ...

Authors: Laura Amado-Rodríguez, Cecilia Del Busto, Inés López-Alonso, Diego Parra, Juan Mayordomo-Colunga, Miguel Arias-Guillén, Rodrigo Albillos-Almaraz, Paula Martín-Vicente, Cecilia López-Martínez, Covadonga Huidobro, Luigi Camporota, Arthur S. Slutsky and Guillermo M. Albaiceta

Antimicrobial stewardship, therapeutic drug monitoring and infection management in the ICU: results from the international A- TEAMICU survey

Severe infections and multidrug-resistant pathogens are common in critically ill patients. Antimicrobial stewardship (AMS) and therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) are contemporary tools to optimize the use of an...

Authors: Christian Lanckohr, Christian Boeing, Jan J. De Waele, Dylan W. de Lange, Jeroen Schouten, Menno Prins, Maarten Nijsten, Pedro Povoa, Andrew Conway Morris and Hendrik Bracht

Gastrointestinal bleeding in critically ill immunocompromised patients

Acute gastrointestinal bleeding (GIB) may be a severe condition in immunocompromised patients and may require intensive care unit (ICU) admission. We aimed to describe the clinical spectrum of critically ill i...

Authors: Jennifer Catano, Sophie Caroline Sacleux, Jean-Marc Gornet, Marine Camus, Naike Bigé, Faouzi Saliba, Elie Azoulay, Guillaume Dumas and Lara Zafrani

Monocyte human leukocyte antigen-DR but not β-d-glucan may help early diagnosing invasive Candida infection in critically ill patients

Precision medicine risk stratification is desperately needed to both avoid systemic antifungals treatment delay and over prescription in the critically ill with risk factors. The aim of the present study was t...

Authors: Boris Jung, Clément Le Bihan, Pierre Portales, Nathalie Bourgeois, Thierry Vincent, Laurence Lachaud, Gerald Chanques, Matthieu Conseil, Philippe Corne, Pablo Massanet, Jean François Timsit and Samir Jaber

Lactate is associated with mortality in very old intensive care patients suffering from COVID-19: results from an international observational study of 2860 patients

Lactate is an established prognosticator in critical care. However, there still is insufficient evidence about its role in predicting outcome in COVID-19. This is of particular concern in older patients who ha...

Authors: Raphael Romano Bruno, Bernhard Wernly, Hans Flaatten, Jesper Fjølner, Antonio Artigas, Bernardo Bollen Pinto, Joerg C. Schefold, Stephan Binnebössel, Philipp Heinrich Baldia, Malte Kelm, Michael Beil, Sivri Sigal, Peter Vernon van Heerden, Wojciech Szczeklik, Muhammed Elhadi, Michael Joannidis…

Case fatality inequalities of critically ill COVID-19 patients according to patient-, hospital- and region-related factors: a French nationwide study

The COVID-19 sanitary crisis inflicted different challenges regarding the reorganization of the human and logistic resources, particularly in intensive care unit (ICU). Interdependence between regional pandemi...

Authors: Antoine Guillon, Emeline Laurent, Antoine Duclos, Lucile Godillon, Pierre-François Dequin, Nelly Agrinier, Antoine Kimmoun and Leslie Grammatico-Guillon

Comparison of four channelled videolaryngoscopes to Macintosh laryngoscope for simulated intubation of critically ill patients: the randomized MACMAN2 trial

Videolaryngoscopes with an operating channel may improve the intubation success rate in critically ill patients. We aimed to compare four channelled videolaryngoscopes to the Macintosh laryngoscope used for in...

Authors: Paul Decamps, Nicolas Grillot, Aurelie Le Thuaut, Noelle Brule, Corinne Lejus-Bourdeau, Jean Reignier and Jean-Baptiste Lascarrou

Outcome of cancer patients considered for intensive care unit admission in two university hospitals in the Netherlands: the danger of delayed ICU admissions and off-hour triage decisions

Very few studies assessed the association between Intensive Care Unit (ICU) triage decisions and mortality. The aim of this study was to assess whether an association could be found between 30-day mortality, a...

Authors: Esther N. van der Zee, Dominique D. Benoit, Marinus Hazenbroek, Jan Bakker, Erwin J. O. Kompanje, Nuray Kusadasi and Jelle L. Epker

P/FP ratio: incorporation of PEEP into the PaO₂/FiO₂ ratio for prognostication and classification of acute respiratory distress syndrome

The current Berlin definition of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) uses the PaO₂/FiO₂ (P/F) ratio to classify severity. However, for the same P/F ratio, a patient on a higher positive end-expiratory pres...

Authors: Sunitha Palanidurai, Jason Phua, Yiong Huak Chan and Amartya Mukhopadhyay

Acute kidney injury prevalence, progression and long-term outcomes in critically ill patients with COVID-19: a cohort study

There are limited data on acute kidney injury (AKI) progression and long-term outcomes in critically ill patients with coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19). We aimed to describe the prevalence and risk factors fo...

Authors: Nuttha Lumlertgul, Leah Pirondini, Enya Cooney, Waisun Kok, John Gregson, Luigi Camporota, Katie Lane, Richard Leach and Marlies Ostermann

The difficulty in defining right ventricular failure at the bedside and its clinical significance

Authors: A. Vieillard-Baron and M. R. Pinsky

Novel phenotypes of coronavirus disease: a temperature-based trajectory model

Coronavirus disease has heterogeneous clinical features; however, the reasons for the heterogeneity are poorly understood. This study aimed to identify clinical phenotypes according to patients’ temperature tr...

Authors: Yanfei Shen, Dechang Chen, Xinmei Huang, Guolong Cai, Qianghong Xu, Caibao Hu, Jing Yan and Jiao Liu

Outcomes of ICU patients with and without perceptions of excessive care: a comparison between cancer and non-cancer patients

Whether Intensive Care Unit (ICU) clinicians display unconscious bias towards cancer patients is unknown. The aim of this study was to compare the outcomes of critically ill patients with and without perceptio...

Authors: Dominique D. Benoit, Esther N. van der Zee, Michael Darmon, An K. L. Reyners, Victoria Metaxa, Djamel Mokart, Alexander Wilmer, Pieter Depuydt, Andreas Hvarfner, Katerina Rusinova, Jan G. Zijlstra, François Vincent, Dimitrios Lathyris, Anne-Pascale Meert, Jacques Devriendt, Emma Uyttersprot…

Predictive performance of dynamic arterial elastance for arterial pressure response to fluid expansion in mechanically ventilated hypotensive adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies

Dynamic arterial elastance (Ea_dyn) has been extensively considered as a functional parameter of arterial load. However, conflicting evidence has been obtained on the ability of Ea_dyn to predict mean arterial pres...

Authors: Xiaoyang Zhou, Weihao Pan, Bixin Chen, Zhaojun Xu and Jianneng Pan

Post-intensive care syndrome after a critical COVID-19: cohort study from a Belgian follow-up clinic

Many patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) required critical care. Mid-term outcomes of the survivors need to be assessed. The objective of this single-center cohort study was to describe their phy...

Authors: Anne-Françoise Rousseau, Pauline Minguet, Camille Colson, Isabelle Kellens, Sourour Chaabane, Pierre Delanaye, Etienne Cavalier, J. Geoffrey Chase, Bernard Lambermont and Benoit Misset

Seasonal burden of severe influenza virus infection in the critically ill patients, using the Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris clinical data warehouse: a pilot study

At the critical care level, the flu surveillance system is limited in France, with heterogeneous regional modalities of implementation.

Authors: Muriel Fartoukh, Guillaume Voiriot, Laurent Guérin, Jean Damien Ricard, Alain Combes, Morgane Faure, Sarah Benghanem, Etienne de Montmollin, Yacine Tandjaoui-Lambiotte, Antoine Vieillard-Baron, Eric Maury, Jean-Luc Diehl, Keyvan Razazi, Virginie Lemiale, Pierre Trouiller, Benjamin Planquette…

Percutaneous dilatational tracheotomy in high-risk ICU patients

Percutaneous dilatational tracheotomy (PDT) has become an established procedure in intensive care units (ICU). However, the safety of this method has been under debate given the growing number of critically il...

Authors: Enzo Lüsebrink, Alexander Krogmann, Franziska Tietz, Matthias Riebisch, Rainer Okrojek, Friedhelm Peltz, Carsten Skurk, Carsten Hullermann, Jan Sackarnd, Dietmar Wassilowsky, Karl Toischer, Clemens Scherer, Michael Preusch, Christoph Testori, Ulrike Flierl, Sven Peterss…

Can the cytokine adsorber CytoSorb^® help to mitigate cytokine storm and reduce mortality in critically ill patients? A propensity score matching analysis

A cytokine storm is life threatening for critically ill patients and is mainly caused by sepsis or severe trauma. In combination with supportive therapy, the cytokine adsorber Cytosorb^® (CS) is increasingly used ...

Authors: Christina Scharf, Ines Schroeder, Michael Paal, Martin Winkels, Michael Irlbeck, Michael Zoller and Uwe Liebchen

Noninvasive ventilation vs. high-flow nasal cannula oxygen for preoxygenation before intubation in patients with obesity: a post hoc analysis of a randomized controlled trial

Critically ill patients with obesity may have an increased risk of difficult intubation and subsequent severe hypoxemia. We hypothesized that pre-oxygenation with noninvasive ventilation before intubation as c...

Authors: Maeva Rodriguez, Stéphanie Ragot, Rémi Coudroy, Jean-Pierre Quenot, Philippe Vignon, Jean-Marie Forel, Alexandre Demoule, Jean-Paul Mira, Jean-Damien Ricard, Saad Nseir, Gwenhael Colin, Bertrand Pons, Pierre-Eric Danin, Jérome Devaquet, Gwenael Prat, Hamid Merdji…

Platelet activation in critically ill COVID-19 patients

Microvascular, arterial and venous thrombotic events have been largely described during severe coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19). However, mechanisms underlying hemostasis dysregulation remain unclear.

Authors: Nader Yatim, Jeremy Boussier, Richard Chocron, Jérôme Hadjadj, Aurélien Philippe, Nicolas Gendron, Laura Barnabei, Bruno Charbit, Tali-Anne Szwebel, Nicolas Carlier, Frédéric Pène, Célia Azoulay, Lina Khider, Tristan Mirault, Jean-Luc Diehl, Coralie L. Guerin…

Oxygen reserve index for non-invasive early hypoxemia detection during endotracheal intubation in intensive care: the prospective observational NESOI study

To evaluate the ability of the oxygen reserve index (ORI) to predict the occurrence of mild hypoxemia (defined as SpO₂  <  97%) during endotracheal intubation (ETI) of patients in the intensive care unit (ICU).

Authors: Hugo Hille, Aurelie Le Thuaut, Emmanuel Canet, Jeremie Lemarie, Laura Crosby, Gregoire Ottavy, Charlotte Garret, Maelle Martin, Amelie Seguin, Pauline Lamouche-Wilquin, Jean Morin, Olivier Zambon, Arnaud-Felix Miaihle, Jean Reignier and Jean-Baptiste Lascarrou

Myeloid phenotypes in severe COVID-19 predict secondary infection and mortality: a pilot study

De-regulated host response to severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), directly referring to the concept of sepsis-associated immunological dysregulation, seems to be a strong signature of severe COVID-19. ...

Authors: Clémence Marais, Caroline Claude, Nada Semaan, Ramy Charbel, Simon Barreault, Brendan Travert, Jean-Eudes Piloquet, Zoé Demailly, Luc Morin, Zied Merchaoui, Jean-Louis Teboul, Philippe Durand, Jordi Miatello and Pierre Tissières

Early warning of bloodstream infection in elderly patients with circulating microparticles

The difficulty of early diagnosis of bloodstream infection in the elderly patients leads to high mortality. Therefore, it is essential to determine some new methods of early warning of bloodstream infection in...

Authors: Tingting Liu, Jiang Wang, Yaping Yuan, Jionghe Wu, Chao Wang, Yueqin Gu and Hongxia Li

High risk of patient self-inflicted lung injury in COVID-19 with frequently encountered spontaneous breathing patterns: a computational modelling study

There is on-going controversy regarding the potential for increased respiratory effort to generate patient self-inflicted lung injury (P-SILI) in spontaneously breathing patients with COVID-19 acute hypoxaemic...

Authors: Liam Weaver, Anup Das, Sina Saffaran, Nadir Yehya, Timothy E. Scott, Marc Chikhani, John G. Laffey, Jonathan G. Hardman, Luigi Camporota and Declan G. Bates

Prevalence and prognostic value of various types of right ventricular dysfunction in mechanically ventilated septic patients

Right ventricle (RV) dilation in combination with elevated central venous pressure (CVP), which is a state of RV congestion, is seen as a sign of RV failure (RVF). On the other hand, RV systolic function is us...

Authors: Hongmin Zhang, Wei Huang, Qing Zhang, Xiukai Chen, Xiaoting Wang and Dawei Liu

A rational approach on the use of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation in severe hypoxemia: advanced technology is not a panacea

Veno-venous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) is a helpful intervention in patients with severe refractory hypoxemia either because mechanical ventilation cannot ensure adequate oxygenation or because...

Authors: Evangelia Akoumianaki, Annemijn Jonkman, Michael C. Sklar, Dimitris Georgopoulos and Laurent Brochard

Mental health outcomes of ICU and non-ICU healthcare workers during the COVID-19 outbreak: a cross-sectional study

Intensive care workers are known for their stressful work environment and for a high prevalence of mental health outcomes. The aim of this study was to evaluate the mental health, well-being and changes in lif...

Authors: Hannah Wozniak, Lamyae Benzakour, Grégory Moullec, Niccolò Buetti, Alice Nguyen, Sandrine Corbaz, Pauline Roos, Laure Vieux, Jean-Claude Suard, Rafaël Weissbrodt, Jérôme Pugin, Jacques A. Pralong and Sara Cereghetti

Correction to: Performance of the ROX index to predict intubation in immunocompromised patients receiving high-flow nasal cannula for acute respiratory failure

Authors: Virginie Lemiale, Guillaume Dumas, Alexandre Demoule, Frederic Pène, Achille Kouatchet, Magali Bisbal, Saad Nseir, Laurent Argaud, Loay Kontar, Kada Klouche, Francois Barbier, Amelie Seguin, Guillaume Louis, Jean-Michel Constantin, Julien Mayaux, Florent Wallet…

Energetic dysfunction in sepsis: a narrative review

Growing evidence associates organ dysfunction(s) with impaired metabolism in sepsis. Recent research has increased our understanding of the role of substrate utilization and mitochondrial dysfunction in the pa...

Authors: Sebastien Preau, Dominique Vodovar, Boris Jung, Steve Lancel, Lara Zafrani, Aurelien Flatres, Mehdi Oualha, Guillaume Voiriot, Youenn Jouan, Jeremie Joffre, Fabrice Huel, Nicolas De Prost, Stein Silva, Eric Azabou and Peter Radermacher

Gender disparity in critical care publications: a novel Female First Author Index

Bibliometric analyses show gender bias against women in scientific publications and citations. We hypothesized that a metric of an individual senior author’s inclusivity of women as first authors in critical c...

Authors: Sowmya Chary, Karin Amrein, Djøra I. Soeteman, Sangeeta Mehta and Kenneth B. Christopher

Long-term quality of life in necrotizing soft-tissue infection survivors: a monocentric prospective cohort study

Compared to other life-threatening infection survivors, long-term health-related quality of life (QOL) of patients surviving necrotizing soft-tissue infections (NSTI) and its determinants are little known.

Authors: Tomas Urbina, Florence Canoui-Poitrine, Camille Hua, Richard Layese, Aline Alves, Rachida Ouedraogo, Romain Bosc, Emilie Sbidian, Olivier Chosidow, Armand Mekontso Dessap and Nicolas de Prost

Transpulmonary thermodilution in patients treated with veno-venous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation

We tested the effect of different blood flow levels in the extracorporeal circuit on the measurements of cardiac stroke volume (SV), global end-diastolic volume index (GEDVI) and extravascular lung water index...

Authors: Gregor Loosen, Alice Marguerite Conrad, Michael Hagman, Nils Essert, Manfred Thiel, Thomas Luecke and Joerg Krebs

The Italian document: decisions for intensive care when there is an imbalance between care needs and resources during the COVID-19 pandemic

In early 2020, the Italian Society of Anesthesia Analgesia Resuscitation and Intensive Care (SIAARTI) published clinical ethics recommendations for the allocation of intensive care during COVID-19 pandemic eme...

Authors: Luigi Riccioni, Francesca Ingravallo, Giacomo Grasselli, Davide Mazzon, Emiliano Cingolani, Gabrio Forti, Vladimiro Zagrebelsky, Riccardo Zoja and Flavia Petrini

Proceedings of Reanimation 2021, the French Intensive Care Society International Congress

Authors:

Diaphragm dysfunction, lung aeration loss and weaning-induced pulmonary oedema in difficult-to-wean patients

Diaphragm dysfunction and weaning-induced pulmonary oedema are commonly involved during weaning failure, but their physiological interactions have been poorly reported. Our hypothesis was that diaphragm dysfun...

Authors: Martin Dres, Emmanuel Rozenberg, Elise Morawiec, Julien Mayaux, Julie Delemazure, Thomas Similowski and Alexandre Demoule

Rapid-flow expulsion maneuver in subglottic secretion clearance to prevent ventilator-associated pneumonia: a randomized controlled study

Following endotracheal intubation, clearing secretions above the endotracheal tube cuff decreases the incidence of ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP); therefore, subglottic secretion drainage (SSD) is widel...

Authors: Ying Li, Xue Yuan, Bing Sun, Hai-chao Li, Hui-wen Chu, Li Wang, Yu Zhao, Xiao Tang, Rui Wang, Xu-yan Li, Zhao-hui Tong and Chen Wang

Intra-dialytic hypotension following the transition from continuous to intermittent renal replacement therapy

Transition from continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT) to intermittent renal replacement therapy (IRRT) can be associated with intra-dialytic hypotension (IDH) although data to inform the definition of ID...

Authors: William Beaubien-Souligny, Yifan Yang, Karen E. A. Burns, Jan O. Friedrich, Alejandro Meraz-Muñoz, Edward G. Clark, Neill K. Adhikari, Sean M. Bagshaw and Ron Wald